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Baang Kinabatangan

Coordinates: 5°37′34.1″N 118°34′21.4″E / 5.626139°N 118.572611°E / 5.626139; 118.572611
Mantad Wikipedia

Baang Kinabatangan
Boating down Kinabatangan River
Kopokitanan do Baang Kinabatangan
Toud do baang om tanak baang id warana obulou otuo.
Native nameSungai Kinabatangan (Malay)
Location
Pogun Malaysia
Negeri Sabah
BoogianBoogian Sandakan
Precise locationKoibutan Kosilahon Borneo
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationMantad konuluhan id Watas Tongod
Mouth 
 • location
Id Watas Kinabatanga kumaa id Rahat Sulu
 • coordinates
5°37′34.1″N 118°34′21.4″E / 5.626139°N 118.572611°E / 5.626139; 118.572611
 • elevation
Tipong rahat
Length560 km (350 mi)[1]
Basin size16,800 km2 (6,487 sq mi)[2][3]
Basin features
River systemBanjaran Kroker[4] om Maliau Basin[5]

Baang Kinabatangan (Malay: Sungai Kinabatangan) nopo nga iso baang id Boogian Sandakan, ponong kosilahon do Sabah, Malaysia. Baang diti nopo nga baang koduo bobos tanaru id Malaysia, miampai ninaru 560 km mantad panansawa id konuluhan kabaatan kotonobon do Sabah kumaa Rahat Sulu, id Kosilahon Sandakan.[n 1] Kinoyonon diti nopo nga otutunan miampai kopogikaakawaan do biologi di akawas, kohompit no do gua watu kapur id Nulu Gomantong, talun dipterokarp tana otu'u, talun paya waig ayami, talun bakau om talun paya waig ayami poinsomok do kotogisan.

Etimologi om sajara

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Miampai kinoyonon dudumagang Sina tosopung id posorili do muara baang,[7][8] ngaran Kina Batañgan nopo nga gunoon do tulun sandad id kinoyonon id somok do baang, miampai hogot Kina nopo nga sumuku kumaa tulun Sina montok tulun sandad Dusun.[9][10] Tulun Sungai nopo nga poingion id poingompus do disan baang om kitinungkusan do mirolot, kohompit no do Dusun, Suluk, Bugis, Bajau om nogi Sina.[5] Kinoyonon do dudumagang Sina bobos tosopung id tisan do Baang Kinabatangan nopo nga nokotimpuun mantad po di abad ko-7, hinonggo papataran yol do tombolog walit, lilin pomosuon, tuai om gading di milo akanon.[8][9] Maamaso abad ko-15, songulun taka do pomimpin tionon Sina Kinabatangan nakasawo mampai do Sultan Brunei.[5][11][12] Maamaso timpu pomorintaan do British Borneo Koibutan, kifungsi o baang diti sabaagi wayaan montok eksport kakamot om kayu, milo wayaan montok pelayaran wap om bot di lobi tokoro.[13] Minumbal i William Burgess Pryer do pinopohimagon do iso tomu id iso kinoyonon di lohowon sabaagi Domigol id poingompus do baang, nga au nokoungkalad o palan dii.[14]

Geologi om ekologi

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Kogiu tondu Borneo miampai tanak dau id Baang Kinabatangan

Kinoyonon id baang, kohompit no do Labang om Kuamut, nobontuk maamaso timpu Miosen Awal om Pintangaan, om soboogian tagayo do sistom baang nopo nga Lembangan Maliau i nobontuk maamaso Miosen Awal om Kolimpupuson.[15][16] Kumaa id muara baang, kinoyonon diti nopo nga nobontuk mantad ninsakan do Miosen Pintangaan.[16] Ekologi boogian sarayo do baang nopo nga lobi notoruk gama do pongingkoyuan om pomorisian tana montok pomutanaman, sundung pia tana pamah sandad om paya bakau miinsomok do kotogisan nopo nga soboogian tagayo do poimpasi, popotounda kinoyonon pongumoligan montok populasi buayo waig toosin (Crocodylus porosus) om piipiro kapakatan mamaamasi tolias di bobos akawas id Borneo.[17]

Kogiu Borneo, kara proboscis, godingon Borneo om rimau keruh Sunda nopo nga mamalia di bobos poinsuai-suai kopio om okito id poingompus do baang. Kiwaa nogi ogumu kawo do tombolog miagal do paganakan enggang: enggang hitam, enggang berkedut, enggang bermahkota putih, enggang badak, om enggang pied timur.

Jerung Gangga endemik (Glyphis fowlerae) nopo nga okito id boogian siriba.

Kara proboscis tagayo id baang

Id kogumuan do kampung poingompus do baang, pokionuan kumaa sada baang nopo nga akawas, om pongusinan d tulun kampung nopo nga tumanud do koonuan mantad ponginsadaan.[18] Monikid toun, rasam tasapou monsun koibutan kosilahon nopo nga papasabap do gumayo baang. Au kaanu lumuyung kumaa id rahat om ologod kopio, insaru kalampai o waig id piras [3] baang om momoluyud do kinoyonon di apatau id boogian siriba, popoimbulai do kinoyonon di nolumpadangan.[5]

Goos panamangan om ponondulian

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Tanak kayu di tinanom do APE Malaysia id Santuari Hidupan Liar Kinabatangan Bawah, Sabah, Malaysia

Antakan di toun 1997, 270 km2 (104 sq mi) dataran luyud Kinabatangan di lobi osiriba nopo nga nokoisytihar sabaagi kinoyonon pongumoligan.[19] Soboogian tagayo do kinoyonon baang di lobi tagayo npo nga umoligon id siriba do Santuari Kinabatangan Hilir, rizab di pinohimagon di toun 1999 i popotounda do mokikaakawo habitat montok flora, lobi-lobi po talun paya waig ayami, bakau, puun palma om poring, miampai fauna, miagal do langur Hose, kara proboscis, kogiu, kukang, ekor babi, ekor kuda, harimau keruh Sunda, om badak sumbu.[5] Di toun 2001, dataran luyud Kinabatangan di lobi tosiriba nopo nga ninsananan sumuliu do kinoyonon pongumoligan tombolog maya do goos kotinanan okon ko' karajaan (NGO).[19] Gama do pongintangan media kalapas tulu godingon di ginorib nopo nga nokito poinghampung id baang maamaso di toun 2006. Nokosiliu o kinoyonon pongumoligan diti sabaagi do Santuari Tayam Tolias Kinabatangan maya do Enakmen Ponondulian Tayam Tolias Sabah 1997 id siriba do gana kuasa Jabatan Hidupan Liar Sabah di toun 2009.[19][20]

Mantad po di kotimpuunon timpu nokoburu di koimpuunon do 1950-an gisom 1987, kinoyonon id siriba do Kinabatangan nopo nga nakawaya do aktiviti pongingkoyuan komersial, om lobi mantad ko' 60,000 hektar talun rasam tana pama pinoingkakat sumuliu do pomutanaman koko om kelapa sawit.[3] Iti nopo nga pinopombulai do ponosomuan baang di araat kopio, om minomorutum do koposion tulun kampung di momoguno do baang montok koposion sangaangadau, minamagayat do kosianan mantad Komontorian Kotombuluyan, Koubasanan om Winoun Posorili montok kerajaan Sabah.[21] Di toun 2011, pinoposoliwan o Nestlé do projek ponolunan kawagu id kinoyonon riparian id poingompus do Baang Kinabatangan id Sukau montok momonsoi landskap hinonggo tulun ginumuan, winoun posorili om aktiviti pomutanaman nopo nga koibulai miampai otoronong id suang kominagan diolo montok waig.[22] Kogumuan do tutumombului winoun posorili id Baang Kinabatangan nopo nga poinlongkod id Sukau tu' milo rikoton maya ralan korita om haro todopon di olumis kumaa tutumombului di kotounda do mambayar montok kotombuluyan di noulud miampai osonong.[23]

Komilorikoton

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Iso sunsuyon montok sumoborong do baang diti nopo nga poinladsong id Wayaan Porsokutuan Wayaan Porsokutuan 13, lobi kuang 108 km (67 mi) mantad Sandakan. Sunsuyon soninaru 350 m (1,150 ft) di popiromut do Sukau miampai Litang om Tommanggong nopo nga napalan no nga tiningkadan di Ngiop 2017 kalapas pangadaan mantad puru ponondulian, kohompit no i David Attenborough, tu' manahak bagas di au osonong kumaa populasi godingon tokoro songkinoyonon.[24][25] Baang diti nopo nga milo rikoton monikid toun, sundung pia insaru oontok do luyud maamaso boogian bobos oyopos toun diti di wulan Momuhau om Milatok. Mantad Ngiop gisom Gumas maamaso timpu mongusak om mongua, iklim umum nopo nga otu'u om timpu di osonong montok mogintong do tombolog om tayam. Maamaso monsun koibutan kosilahon mantad Milau gisom Gomot, insaru do asapou o rasam maamaso sosodopon om kotilombus gisom Momuhau om Milatok. Maya do timpu tosogot, ogumu wayaan do koluyungon kumaa Tasik Oxbow, hinonggo akawas kaharaan do tayam tolias di lobi agayo.[26]

  • Baang Kinabatangan maamaso di 1984.
    Baang Kinabatangan maamaso di 1984.
  • Papan pananda id wayaan sunsuyon dumarapas do baang.
    Papan pananda id wayaan sunsuyon dumarapas do baang.
  • Kokitanan do baang mantad sodu.
    Kokitanan do baang mantad sodu.
  • Suusumuni poingompus do baang.
    Suusumuni poingompus do baang.
  • Bornean clouded leopard id poingompus do boogian siriba baang.
    Bornean clouded leopard id poingompus do boogian siriba baang.
  • Sontinimungan do kara Proboscis id baang Kinabatangan
    Sontinimungan do kara Proboscis id baang Kinabatangan
  • Kogiu id baang.
    Kogiu id baang.

Intangai nogi

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Nuut

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  1. ↑ Kinabatangan River with 560 km (350 mi) length is the second longest river in Malaysia after the 563 km (350 mi) Rajang River in neighbouring Sarawak.[1][6]

Sukuon

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Awang Azfar Awang Ali Bahar (2004). "Frequency Analysis of Riverflow in Sabah and Sarawak" (PDF). Civil Engineering Programme: 24. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 24 Mikat 2019. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019 – via Universiti Teknologi Petronas.
  2. ↑ "National Register of River Basins [List of River Basin Management Units (RBMU) – Sabah]" (PDF). Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia. 2003. p. 34. Linoyog ontok 6 Madas 2019.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sahana Harun; Ramzah Dambul; Harun Abdullah; Maryati Mohamed (2014). "Spatial and seasonal variations in surface water quality of the Lower Kinabatangan River Catchment, Sabah, Malaysia" (PDF). Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation: 118. ISSN 1823-3902. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 24 Mikat 2019. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019 – via Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
  4. ↑ Tamara Thiessen (2008). Bradt Travel Guide – Borneo. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-84162-252-1.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Fanny Lai; Bjorn Olesen (16 Magus 2016). Visual Celebration of Borneo's Wildlife. Tuttle Publishing. p. 409−419. ISBN 978-1-4629-1907-9.
  6. ↑ "Sarawak's Rajang River Delta". NASA Earth Observatory. 2016. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 24 Mikat 2019. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019.
  7. ↑ David Levinson (1993). Encyclopedia of World Cultures. G.K. Hall. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-8168-8840-5.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Melvin Ember; Carol R. Ember (1999). Cultures of the world: selections from the ten-volume encyclopedia of world cultures. Macmillan Library Reference. p. 244. ISBN 9780028653679.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Sir Spenser St. John (1863). Life in the Forests of the Far East. Smith, Elder and Company. p. 327.
  10. ↑ Kam Hing Lee; Chee Beng Tan (2000). The Chinese in Malaysia. Oxford University Press. p. 383. ISBN 978-983-56-0056-2.
  11. ↑ Robert Nicholl (1995). From Buckfast to Borneo: Essays Presented to Father Robert Nicholl on the 85th Anniversary of His Birth, 27 March 1995. University of Hull. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-85958-836-2.
  12. ↑ "Sultan-Sultan Brunei" [Sultans of Brunei] (id boros Malayu). Government of Brunei. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 28 Milatok 2017. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019.
  13. ↑ David Sunderland (5 Madas 2017). British Economic Development in South East Asia, 1880–1939. Taylor & Francis. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-351-57306-1.
  14. ↑ Henry Ling Roth (2012). The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 209. ISBN 978-3-86403-425-1.
  15. ↑ Allagu Balaguru; Gary Nichols; Robert Hall (2003). "The origin of the 'circular basins' of Sabah, Malaysia" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, Royal Holloway University of London: 337. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 24 Mikat 2019. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019 – via Geological Society of Malaysia.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Allagu Balaguru; Gary Nichols; Robert Hall (2003). "Tertiary stratigraphy and basin evolution of southern Sabah: implications for the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of Sabah, Malaysia" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, Royal Holloway University of London: 29. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 24 Mikat 2019. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019 – via Geological Society of Malaysia.
  17. ↑ Michelle Nordkvist (2003). "Anthropogenic disturbance along the Kinabatangan River in Borneo, Malaysia and the distribution and abundance of the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)" (PDF). The Tropical Ecology Minor Field Study Working Group, Committee of Tropical Ecology. ISSN 1653-5634. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 25 Mikat 2019. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019 – via Uppsala University.
  18. ↑ Uwe Tietze; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2007). Credit and Microfinance Needs in Inland Capture Fisheries Development and Conservation in Asia. Food & Agriculture Org. p. 131. ISBN 978-92-5-105756-8.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 "Borneo's Kinabatangan [The River of Life]" (PDF). Anima Mundi. 2017. p. 14. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 25 Mikat 2019. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019.
  20. ↑ "Box 2. Kinabatangan – Corridor of Life (a case study)" (PDF). p. 12. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 24 Mikat 2019. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019 – via Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources, Malaysia.
  21. ↑ Kamar Nor Aini Kamarul Zaman (24 Manom 2007). "Kinabatangan River Needs Rescue From Pollution". Bernama. Malaysian Palm Oil Board. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 24 Mikat 2019. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019.
  22. ↑ "Nestlé brings RiLeaf to the Kinabatangan River" (Press release). Nestlé. 26 Manom 2011. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 24 Mikat 2019. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019.
  23. ↑ Charlotte J. Fletcher (2009). Conservation, livelihoods and the role of tourism: a case study of Sukau village in the Lower Kinabatangan District, Sabah, Malaysia (Thesis). Lincoln University. hdl:10182/1339.
  24. ↑ John C. Cannon (3 Mikat 2017). "Over the bridge: The battle for the future of the Kinabatangan". Mongabay. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019.
  25. ↑ Jeremy Hance (21 Ngiop 2017). "David Attenborough's 'Guardian headline' halts Borneo bridge". The Guardian. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019.
  26. ↑ Jeremy Hance (21 Ngiop 2017). "David Attenborough's 'Guardian headline' halts Borneo bridge". The Guardian. Linoyog ontok 25 Mikat 2019.

Pambasaan potilombus

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Noputan labus

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