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Bawang Papar

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Bawang Papar
Bawang Papar miagal di okito id Watas Papar
Kokiikitanan do bawang.
Native nameSungai Papar (Malay)
Location
Pogun Malaysia
Negeri Sabah
BoogianWest Coast Division
Precise locationKoibutan Kotonobon Borneo
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationMantad nuluhon id Papar, Penampang om Watas Tuaran
Mouth 
 • location
Id Watas Papar kumaa Rahat China Kabaatan
 • coordinates
5°45′08.6″N 115°54′29.9″E / 5.752389°N 115.908306°E / 5.752389; 115.908306
 • elevation
Tipong rahat
Discharge 
 • locationNear mouth
 • average1.53 km3/a (48 m3/s)[1]
Basin features
ProgressionSouth China Sea
River systemPapar River[2][3]

Bawang Papar nopo nga bawang id Boogian Pantai Barat, koibutan kotonobon Sabah, Malaysia. Sinodu mantad do tudan dau nopo nga 60 km id konuluhan koibutan kotonobon Sabah kumaa koluyungon koompokon id Rahat China Kabaatan, kabaatan kotonobon do kakadayan Papar. Mantad iti do konuluhan id suang do Watas Papar, Penampang om Tuaran, i soboogian do sistom Banjaran Crocker.[3] Kohompit no do Babagon, Bonobukan, Buayan, Papar Tengah, Gramatoi, Himpangno, Kaiduan, Kalangan, Kawari, Kogopon, Lingan, Mandalipau, Marahang, Padawan, Terian, Tiku om Ulu Papar.[2]

Sajara

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Pongukaban sunsuyon koritapui Papar i dumarapas do bawang, lobi kuang toun 1915.

Maamaso timpu Kosultanan Brunei i kicorak talaksokrasi, pinili o bangsawan Melayu Brunei sabaagi wakil Sultan id kinoyonon suang om tisan do bawang-bawang toponsol, kohompit no do Bawang Papar.[4] Pogulu do kinorikatan North Borneo Chartered Company maamaso abad ko-19, lembah toruak id posorili do bawang dii nopo nga monokodung do kinohoroon komuniti pomutanaman di tagayo montok mogiigion sandad.[5] Maya do iso pongintangan i pinoindalan maamaso pelayaran HMS Samarang (1822) id siriba do tisuhu di Edward Belcher id poingompus do pantai barat rahat Borneo id pialatan do toun 1843 om 1846, nokoilo o pihak British do kiwaa tolu muara bawang i poinladsong au osodu mantad Pulou Dinawan.[6] Nokosiliu o bawang diti sabaagi iso wayaan do sasakayon montok kogumuan kampung tulun Melayu Brunei om Kadazan i poingion id poingompus do bawang, pogulu do nokorikot padsakayan nokoburu miagal do ralan aspal om wayaan do koritapui i pinointutun do British katalib do kinorikatan diolo.[5] Kinohoroon do kakadayan tokoro Papar nogi nga miungkanit miampai bawang i nokosiliu do nontodon ngaran dii.[5]

Koritapui koiso North Borneo Railway sumunsui do sunsuyon wagu id bawang miinsomok do kinoyonon kakadayan Papar, lobi kuang toun 1915.

Sunsuyon kumoiso montok sumoborong do bawang diti nopo nga winonsoi di toun 1901 id siriba do pontadbiran British, miampai do sunsuyon bosi suai id Kimanis om Membakut. Sundung pia miagal di, norulun o sunsuyon diti gama do luyud tagayo; nalanan o sunsuyon diti momoguno do bosi wagu, nga' norumbak kwagu gama do luyud tagayo di toun 1903. Porkhidmatan feri nopo nga pinotounda solinaid do timpu kalaja ponginsanangan do sunsuyon diti. Di toun 1904, iso kaagu kinaantakan do luyud tagayo minomirumbak do sunsuyon di insanangan nogi, papasabap do soboogian tagayo do struktur sunsuyon nopo nga norulun. Iso sunsuyon timpu toruhai i winonsoi di wulan Milau 1908 nogi nga norulun gama do luyud dii. Antakan di wulan Momuhau 1908, iso kawagu sunsuyon wagu winonsoi, nga norumbak i kawagu gama do luyud di toun 1913. Di toun 1915, porkhidmatan koritapui nopo nga nokorikot id kakadayan Papar miampai pinongukaban do sunsuyon koritapui.

Sunsuyon koritapui di norumbak, 1945.

Sundung po tu' miagal dii, maamaso Pisangadan Pogun Koduo, norumbak o sunsuyon koritapui diti gama do badil mantad pihak Bersekutu montok manalob pomogunoon do sunsuyon diti do Jepun; kinoyonon diti nogi nga nokosiliu do iso kinoyonon Susumangod Imperial Jepun minokiala do Tinimungan Imperial Australia.[7][8] Katalib do pisangadan, mogiigion songkinoyonon nopo nga momoguno do bot tongokoro montok momirangkat do tulun ginumuan om kakamot montok sumoborong do bawang, tu' aiso po o sunsuyon.[5] Iso sunsuyon wagu nopo nga nowonsoi kawagu, nga mogikaakawo abal di nakaralad pogulu do winonsoi kawagu; ka nopo, montok mamaramit do kalantayan pamansayan struktur sunsuyon dii, nuru do polobongon o tulu tulun id siriba do tapak sunsuyon, om ogumu mogiigion di otumbayaan do songgorib nopo nga sumoliwan do mononggorib id timpu totuong, papasabap do mintong-inting kasari o tongoulun.[5]

Suai ko' sunsuyon koritapui i poingharo mantad, iso nogi sunsuyon montok korita nga winonsoi id sampaping. Mantad di toun 2010-an, kiwaa pokionuon mitilombus montok monginsonongdo sunsuyon dii tu' au no kaanu papawaya trafik di togumu kopio, i papasabap do kososokon ralan sangangadau do mogigion id Papar om tulun ginumuan id kinoyonon suai.[9] Iso kawagu sunsuyon, roiton Sunsuyon Salleh Sulong - i tinggalanan do sunsuyon wagu sabaagi soboogian do projek Lebuhraya Pan Borneo—poinladsong id Ralan Old Papar id koordinat 5°41′38″U 115°59′15″T / 5.69389°U 115.98750°T / 5.69389; 115.98750. Sunsuyon wagu diti nopo nga tipongon do sunsuyon konkrit i nukaban di toun 2018.[10]

Goos ponondulian

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Soboogian tagayo do kinoyonon bawang diti nopo nga poimponu do puun nipad om paya, i popotounda do pongumoligan montok tisan rahat om habitat montok mogikaakawo tombolog. Mantad po di toun 2000-an, kinyonon tisan do bawang diti nopo nga norumbak gama do perlombongan togis, miampai 11 kinoyonon di nointutunan.[11] Nokotimpuun di toun 2010-an, kerajaan Sabah, maya do Jabatan Tanah dan Ukur (LSD), nopo nga otorodok do mongilag perlombongan togis aiso kasagaan id Papar om id Bawang Tuaran.[12]

Kowoowoyoon

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Bawang diti nopo nga iso nogi i bobos tagayo maya kadar koluyungon waig, suai ko' Bawang Kinabatangan om Bawang Padas.[13] Oponsol o bawang diti sabaagi toun poinsadaan om toud waig montok pomutanaman do tulun kampung om koumaan komersial poingompus do bawang, om nogi toud waig montok kakadayan Papar.[14]

Intangai nogi

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Sukuon

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  1. ↑ "Japan International Cooperation Agency" (PDF).
  2. 1 2 Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama "Papar River Data"
  3. 1 2 "Crocker Range [Data Zone MY020]". BirdLife International. 2003. Linoyog ontok 6 Madas 2019.
  4. ↑ Awang Jambol, Dayang Junaidah (2018). "Hubungan Tradisi Brunei dengan Borneo Utara: Tinjauan Terhadap Faktor Kemerosotan Pentadbiran Kesultanan Brunei pada Abad Ke-19" [The Relationship Tradition of Brunei and North Borneo: A Review of the Depreciation Factor of the Brunei Sultanate in the 19th Century] (PDF). Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History) (id boros Malay). 3 (2): 109 – via Universiti Malaysia Sabah.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Mui Kong, Chung Mui (4 Magus 2013). Little Snapshots. BookBaby. pp. 206–217. ISBN 978-0-9922955-1-6.
  6. ↑ Belcher, Edward (30 Mahas 2011). Narrative of the Voyage of HMS Samarang, During the Years 1843-46: Employed Surveying the Islands of the Eastern Archipelago. Cambridge University Press. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-108-02923-0.
  7. ↑ Civil Engineering and Public Works Review. Lomax, Erskine & Company. 1952.
  8. ↑ "Australian invasion of Borneo in pictures". Asian Railways. Linoyog ontok 7 Madas 2019.
  9. ↑ "Historic Buang Sayang bridge needs a facelift". Daily Express. 22 Mikat 2015. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 7 Madas 2019. Linoyog ontok 7 Madas 2019.
  10. ↑ "Jambatan pertama projek lebuh raya Pan Borneo Sabah dibuka" [The first bridge of the Pan Borneo Sabah highway project was opened] (id boros Malay). Bernama. 16 Milau 2018. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 7 Madas 2019. Linoyog ontok 7 Madas 2019 – via Astro Awani.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ↑ "Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines for River Sand and Stone Mining" (PDF). State Environmental Conservation Department (ECD). 2000. p. 9 [9/60]. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 8 Madas 2019. Linoyog ontok 8 Madas 2019 – via Government of Sabah.
  12. ↑ "Machinery seized over illegal sand mining". The Borneo Post. 21 Mikat 2016. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 8 Madas 2019. Linoyog ontok 8 Madas 2019.
  13. ↑ "Sabah Biodiversity Conservation Strategy" (PDF). Government of Sabah, Universiti Malaysia Sabah and Japan International Cooperation Agency. p. A2-13 [37/202]. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 7 Madas 2019. Linoyog ontok 7 Madas 2019 – via Government of Sabah.
  14. ↑ "Integrated Shoreline Management Plan for Negeri Sabah [Final Report]" (PDF). Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia. 2013. p. 7-1 [58/66]. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 7 Madas 2019. Linoyog ontok 8 Madas 2019 – via Government of Sabah.

Cetak

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  • British North Borneo Herald (1901). British North Borneo Herald. British North Borneo.
  • British North Borneo Herald (1903). British North Borneo Herald. British North Borneo.
  • British North Borneo Herald (1908). British North Borneo Herald. British North Borneo.
  • British North Borneo Herald (1913). British North Borneo Herald. British North Borneo.

Pambasaan potilombus

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Noputan labus

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