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Colombia

Simbanai noputan
Mantad Wikipedia
Republic of Colombia
República de Colombia (Spanish)
Flag of Colombia
Flag
Coat of arms of Colombia
Coat of arms
Motto: "Libertad y Orden" (Spanish)
"Freedom and Order"
Anthem: Himno Nacional de la República de Colombia (Spanish)
"National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia"
Location of Colombia (dark green)
Location of Colombia (dark green)
Capital
om kakadayan bobos agayo
Bogotá
4°35′N 74°4′W / 4.583°N 74.067°W / 4.583; -74.067
Boros rasmiSpanish
Recognized regional languagesCreole English (in San Andrés and Providencia)[1]
64 other languages[a]
Tinimungan etnik
(2018 census[2][3])
Ugama
(2022)[4]
DemonimColombian
GovernmentUnitary presidential republic
• President
Gustavo Petro
Francia Márquez
Kotinanan perundanganCongress
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
Chamber of Representatives
Independence from Spain
• Declared
20 July 1810
7 August 1819
• Last unitisation
5 August 1886
• Secession of Panama
6 November 1903
4 July 1991
Area
• Total
1,141,748 km2 (440,831 sq mi) (25th)
•  Waig  (%)
2.1 (as of 2015)[5]
Population
• 2024 estimate
Neutral increase 52,695,952[6] (27th)
• Density
46.15/km2 (119.5/sq mi) (174th)
GDP (PPP)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $1.042 trillion[7] (32nd)
• Per kapita
Increase $19,770[7] (82nd)
GDP (nominal)2024 estimate
• Ginumu
Increase $386.076 billion[7] (46th)
• Per kapita
Increase $7,327[7] (97th)
Gini (2022)Negative increase 54.8[8]
high
HDI (2023)Increase 0.788[9]
high · 83rd
Mato tusinColombian peso (COP)
Zon timpuUTC−5[b] (COT)
Date formatDMY
Driving sideright
Calling code+57
Kod ISO 3166CO
Internet TLD.co
  1. ^ Although the Colombian Constitution specifies Spanish (Castellano) as the official language in all Colombian territory, other languages spoken in the country by ethnic groups – approximately 68 languages – each is also official in its territory.[10] English is also official in the archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina.[11]
  2. ^ The official Colombian time[12] is controlled and coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology.[13]

Colombia, nopo maya rasmi nga Republik Colombia, iso pogun ii poingiliu id Amerika Selatan miampai koiyonon kopulauan id Amerika Utara. Tana tagayo Colombia nopo nga mirontob miampai Rahat Caribbean id Utara, Venezuela id timur om timur laut, Brazil id tenggara, Peru om Ecuador id selatan om barat daya, Lautan Pasifik id barat, om Panama id barat laut. Abaagi o Colombia kumaa 32 jabatan. Watas Ibu Kota Bogota nopo nga kakadayan tagayo id pogun dii i nosiliu do tuan walai montok hab kousinan om koubasanan gulu. Koiyonon kakadayan do suai nopo nga kohompit do Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Cúcuta, Ibagué, Villavicencio om Bucaramanga. Kiginayo o koiyonon di solinaab do 1,141,748 kilometer persegi (440,831 watu persegi) om kipopulasi kiikiro 52 juta. Opuhawang tinungkusan koubasanan ii[14] kohompit do boros, ugama, naansakan om inus ii popokito do sajara dau sabaagi tana jajahan ii pinopiamung do roromu-roromu koubasanan ii noowit mantad imigrasi Eropah[15][16][17][18] om Timur Tanga,[19][20][21] miampai noowit do diaspora Afrika,[22] om nogi mogikaakawo tamadun tulun Sandad di pogulu po.[23] Boros Sepanyol nopo nga boros rasmi sundung do noiktiraf o boros suai id taang serantau ii nopo nga Creole, Inggilis om 64 boros suai.

Sajara

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Era pra Colombia

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Pita koiyonon koubasanan pra Colombia

Gama do koiyonon dau, wilayah Colombia baino nopo nga wawayaan tamadun koulunan gulu mantad Mesoamerika om Caribbean kumaa lembah Andes om Amazon. Kinorubaan arkeologi totos totuo' nopo nga mantad koiyonon Pubenza om El Totumo id Lembah Magdalena 100 kilometer barat daya Bogota.[24] Nokoimpuun o koiyonon diti mantad zaman Paleoindian (18,000-8000 SM). Id Puerto Hormiga om koiyonon do suai, bagas kinorubaan do mantad Zaman Arkaik (~8000–2000 BC). Topod-topod dii nopo nga pinopokito do kiwaa mogiigiyon gulu id wilayah El Abra om Tequendama id Cundinamarca. Tombikar totos totuo' nogi nga norubaan id Amerika, id San Jacinto kitadauwulan do 5000-4000 BC.[25][26]

Geografi

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Pita topografi do Colombia

Geografi Colombia nopo nga kikouyuuyuo do onom koiyonon sandad ii popokito do kouyuo unik mantad koiyonon banjaran gunung Andes; rantai Pantai Pasifik; koiyonon pantai Caribbean; Llanos (gana); koiyonon talun rasam Amazon; kumaa koiyonon insular, mantad do pulou-pulou id koduuduo rahat Atlantik om Pasifik.[27] Miilang iti do maritim miampai do Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti om Republik Dominican.[28]

Iklim 

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Pita Colombia mantad Köppen climate classification

Iklim Colombia nopo nga kikouyuo sabaagi variasi koposolimbahan tropika id suang onom koiyonon sandad tumanud do rinanggou, linasu, kosogubon, tongus om rasam.[29] Kiwaa mogikaakawo zon iklim do Colombia kohompit no do talun rasam tropika, savana, gana sakot, gana togis om iklim nulu.

Karajaan om politik

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Casa de Nariño nopo nga walai rasmi om tiyonon kumalaja gulu do Presiden Colombia.

Karajaan Colombia nopo nga id suang do rangka presidential participatory democratic ii tinoodo do presiden id suang Porlombagaan 1991.[30] Kopiagal miampai do prinsip popitongkiad kuasa, binaagi do karajaan kumaa tolu raan: raan eksekutif, raan porundangan om raan kohakiman.[31]

Sabaagi luguan raan eksekutif, Presiden Colombia nopo nga berkhidmat sabaagi luguan pogun om luguan karajaan, tonudon do Naib Presidon om Majlis Montiri. Pilion o presiden maya tundi kaanangan montok berkhidmat id iso penggal apat toun (ontok 2015, pinasaga do Kongres Colombia do pemansuhan pindaan perlembagaan 2004 ii minonimban rontob iso penggal montok presiden kumaa rontob duo penggal).[32] Id taang wilayah kuasa eksekutif nopo nga nigitan do gabenor jabatan, datuk kakadayan perbandaran om pontadbir momogun montok subboogian pontabiran di lobi okoro miagal ko corregimientos toi ko' comunas.[33] Toinsanan pomilian raya wilayah nopo nga poindalanon do sontoun om limo wulan kalapas pomilian raya presiden.[34][35]

Capitolio Nacional, tirikohon do Kongres

Raan porundangan karajaan nopo nga noobi maya nasional do Kongres, iso institusi drikameral mantad do 166 tirikohon Diwan Rakyat om 102 tirikohon Senat.[36][37] Diwan Pogun nopo nga pinili maya nasional om Diwan Mongobi Rakyat ii nopili id watas pomilian raya.[38] Puru koduuduo diwan nopo nga nopili montok berkhidmat solinaid apat toun duo wulan pogulu presiden ii maya do tundi kaanangan.[39]

Raan kohakiman nopo nga binuruan do apat mahkamah takawas,[40] mantad do Mahkamah Agung ii manarampas kokomoi ahal keseksaan om sivil, Majlis Pogun ii kitonggungan poimbida montok undang-undang pontadbiran om nogi manahak pason undang-undang kumaa eksekutif, Mahkamah Porlombagaan ii kitonggungan montok mantamong integriti porlombagaan Colombia, miampai Majlis Takawas Kohakiman kitonggungan montok mongaudit raan kohakiman.[41] Colombia nopo nga manarampas sistom undang-undang sivil mantad 1991 ii ginuno maya sistom pormusuhan[42]

Jabatan Ibu kota
1 Flag of the Department of Amazonas Amazonas Leticia
2 Flag of the Department of Antioquia Antioquia Medellín
3 Flag of the Department of Arauca Arauca Arauca
4 Flag of the Department of Atlántico Atlántico Barranquilla
5 Flag of the Department of Bolívar Bolívar Cartagena
6 Flag of the Department of Boyacá Boyacá Tunja
7 Flag of the Department of Caldas Caldas Manizales
8 Flag of the Department of Caquetá Caquetá Florencia
9 Flag of the Department of Casanare Casanare   Yopal
10 Flag of the Department of Cauca Cauca Popayán
11 Flag of the Department of Cesar Cesar Valledupar      
12 Flag of the Department of Chocó Chocó Quibdó
13 Flag of the Department of Córdoba Córdoba Montería
14 Flag of the Department of Cundinamarca Cundinamarca Bogotá
15 Flag of the Department of Guainía Guainía Inírida
16 Flag of the Department of Guaviare Guaviare San José del Guaviare
17 Flag of the Department of Huila Huila Neiva
Jabatan Ibu kota
18 Flag of La Guajira La Guajira   Riohacha
19 Flag of the Department of Magdalena Magdalena Santa Marta
20 Flag of the Department of Meta Meta Villavicencio
21 Flag of the Department of Nariño Nariño Pasto
22 Flag of the Department of Norte de Santander Norte de Santander Cúcuta
23 Flag of the Department of Putumayo Putumayo Mocoa
24 Flag of the Department of Quindío Quindío Armenia
25 Flag of the Department of Risaralda Risaralda Pereira
26 Flag of the Department of San Andres, Providencia and Santa Catalina San Andrés, Providencia<br id="mwB-Y"><br>and Santa Catalina San Andrés
27 Flag of the Department of Santander Santander Bucaramanga
28 Flag of the Department of Sucre Sucre Sincelejo
29 Flag of the Department of Tolima Tolima Ibagué
30 Flag of the Department of Valle del Cauca Valle del Cauca Cali
31 Flag of the Department of Vichada Vaupés Mitú
32 Flag of the Department of Vichada Vichada Puerto Carreño
33 Flag of Bogotá Bogotá Bogotá

Ekonomi

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Colombia GDP maya sektor ontok 2017
Bancolombia headquarter id Medellín

Id aspek sajara ekonomi agraria, nokoburu tomod o Colombia ontok pompod dau miampai do 15.8% mantad tenaga kukumalaja id pomutanaman, miampai nakaanu do 6.6% mantad KDNK; 20% mantad tenaga kukumalaja id industri om 65% id perkhimatan miampai do 33% om 60% mantad KDNK.[43][44] Kopolobusan ekonomi pogun nopo nga kogumuan mantad pokionuan domestik di agaras. Pomoomoli nopo nga pomogunoon mantad tonsi walai sabaagi komponen tagayo id KDNK.[45][46][47] 

Sukuon

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Skyline do Bogotá
  1. ↑ "Por la cual se dictan normas especiales para la organización y el funcionamiento del Departamento Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina". Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 5 November 2023. Linoyog ontok 18 October 2023. ARTÍCULO 42. IDIOMA Y LENGUA OFICIAL EN EL DEPARTAMENTO ARCHIPIELAGO. Son oficiales en el Departamento Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina el castellano y el inglés comunmente hablado por las comunidades nativas del Archipiélago.
  2. ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama grupos étnicos
  3. ↑ Homburger, J. R.; Moreno-Estrada, A.; Gignoux, C. R.; Nelson, D.; Sanchez, E.; Ortiz-Tello, P.; Pons-Estel, B. A.; Acevedo-Vasquez, E.; Miranda, P.; Langefeld, C. D.; Gravel, S.; Alarcón-Riquelme, M. E.; Bustamante, C. D. (2015). "Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America". PLOS Genetics. 11 (12): e1005602. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602. ISSN 1553-7390. PMC 4670080. PMID 26636962.
  4. ↑ "Catholicism and evangelism: the two most common religions in Latin America". Statista. 26 October 2022. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 19 November 2022. Linoyog ontok 18 November 2022.
  5. ↑ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 24 March 2021. Linoyog ontok 11 October 2020.
  6. ↑ "Proyecciones de Población DANE". Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 10 April 2023. Linoyog ontok 10 April 2023.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Colombia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 16 April 2024. Linoyog ontok 17 April 2024.
  8. ↑ "Colombia - The World Factbook". Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 18 June 2021. Linoyog ontok September 23, 2024.
  9. ↑ "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF) (id boros Inggilis). United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 6 May 2025. Linoyog ontok 6 May 2025.
  10. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title I – Concerning Fundamental Principles – Article 10)
  11. ↑ "LEY 47 DE 1993" (id boros Sepanyol). alcaldiabogota.gov.co. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 11 January 2012. Linoyog ontok 23 February 2014.
  12. ↑ "The official Colombian time" (id boros Sepanyol). horalegal.inm.gov.co. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 9 February 2014. Linoyog ontok 23 February 2014.
  13. ↑ "Decreto 4175 de 2011, artículo 6, numeral 14" (id boros Sepanyol). Presidencia de la República de Colombia. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 15 April 2016. Linoyog ontok 14 March 2016.
  14. ↑ "Colombia herencia cultural más allá de la colonia". procolombia.co (id boros Sepanyol). 28 March 2017. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 26 February 2023. Linoyog ontok 26 February 2023.
  15. ↑ "News & Events - Irlandeses en Colombia y Antioquia". Department of Foreign Affairs of Ireland. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 26 August 2022. Linoyog ontok 7 September 2022.
  16. ↑ "Estos fueron los primeros alemanes en Colombia". Revista Diners (id boros Sepanyol). 10 June 2019. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 5 November 2022. Linoyog ontok 18 December 2021.
  17. ↑ Vidal Ortega, Antonino; D'Amato Castillo, Giuseppe (1 December 2015). "Los otros, sin patria: italianos en el litoral Caribe de Colombia a comienzos del siglo XX". Caravelle. Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brésilien (id boros Perancis) (105): 153–175. doi:10.4000/caravelle.1822. ISSN 1147-6753. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 6 October 2022. Linoyog ontok 26 February 2023.
  18. ↑ Salamanca, Helwar Figueroa; Espitia, Julián David Corredor (31 July 2019). ""En una ciudad gris y silenciosa": la migración francesa en Bogotá (1900-1920)". Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras (id boros Sepanyol). 24 (2): 75–100. doi:10.18273/revanu.v24n2-2019003. ISSN 2145-8499. S2CID 203515282. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 6 March 2023. Linoyog ontok 26 February 2023.
  19. ↑ Fawcett de Posada, Louise; Posada Carbó, Eduardo (1992). "En la tierra de las oportunidades: los sirio-libaneses en Colombia" [In the land of opportunity: the Syrian-Lebanese in Colombia] (PDF). Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico (id boros Sepanyol). publicaciones.banrepcultural.org. 29 (29): 8–11. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2 March 2016. Linoyog ontok 20 July 2017.
  20. ↑ S.A.S, Editorial La República (26 April 2022). "Colombia y Medio Oriente". Diario La República (id boros Sepanyol). Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 24 November 2022. Linoyog ontok 26 February 2023.
  21. ↑ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (7 March 2019). "Los palestinos que encontraron un segundo hogar en el centro de Bogotá". El Tiempo (id boros Sepanyol). Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 31 October 2022. Linoyog ontok 26 February 2023.
  22. ↑ Faucher, Nicolás Murillo (11 August 2014). "La herencia Africana en Colombia". Libre Pensador (id boros Sepanyol). Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 27 February 2023. Linoyog ontok 26 February 2023.
  23. ↑ "El patrimonio cultural de seis pueblos indígenas renace con 'Sembrando Nuestros Saberes' en Colombia". aa.com.tr. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 26 February 2023. Linoyog ontok 26 February 2023.
  24. ↑ Correal, Urrego G. (1993). "Nuevas evidencias culturales pleistocenicas y megafauna en Colombia". Boletin de Arqueologia (8): 3–13.
  25. ↑ Hoopes, John (1994). "Ford Revisited: A Critical Review of the Chronology and Relationships of the Earliest Ceramic Complexes in the New World, 6000-1500 B.C. (1994)". Journal of World Prehistory. 8 (1): 1–50. doi:10.1007/bf02221836. S2CID 161916440. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 21 October 2018. Linoyog ontok 6 September 2019.
  26. ↑ "San Jacinto". Google Arts & Culture (id boros Inggilis). Linoyog ontok 2025-05-16.
  27. ↑ "Natural regions of Colombia and description of the three branches of the andes cordillera". colombia-sa.com. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 14 March 2014. Linoyog ontok 7 March 2014.
  28. ↑ "Maritime borders". Cancillería. cancilleria.gov.co. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 31 July 2018. Linoyog ontok 6 June 2016.
  29. ↑ "Thermal floors" (id boros Sepanyol). banrepcultural.org. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 16 October 2014. Linoyog ontok 25 February 2014.
  30. ↑ "Colombian Constitution of 1991" (id boros Sepanyol). secretariasenado.gov.co. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 28 March 2023. Linoyog ontok 10 March 2014.
  31. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title V – Concerning the organization of the state – Chapter 1 – Concerning the structure of the state – Article 113)
  32. ↑ "Colombian lawmakers vote to limit presidents to single term". The San Diego Union-Tribune. 4 June 2015. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 31 July 2018. Linoyog ontok 3 May 2017.
  33. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title V – Concerning the organization of the state – Chapter 1 – Concerning the structure of the state – Article 115)
  34. ↑ "The Government of Colombia" (id boros Sepanyol). banrepcultural.org. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 15 March 2014. Linoyog ontok 14 March 2014.
  35. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VII – Concerning the executive branch)
  36. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title V – Concerning the organization of the state – Chapter 1 – Concerning the structure of the state – Article 114)
  37. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Chapter 4 – Concerning the senate – Article 171)
  38. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Chapter 5 – Concerning the chamber of representatives – Article 176)
  39. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VI – Concerning the legislative branch – Chapter 1 – Concerning its structure and functions – Article 132)
  40. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VII – Concerning the judiciary branch – Chapter 2 – Concerning ordinary jurisdiction – Article 234)
  41. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VIII – Concerning the judiciary branch)
  42. ↑ Landau, David (2017). Colombian Constitutional Law: Leading Cases. Oxford University Press. p. 217. ISBN 9780190640378. The 1991 Constitution moved Colombia away from the inquisitorial criminal system that it has traditionally possessed (and where the judge plays the leading role in the criminal process), and toward an adversarial system more like the American system, where lawyers act for each side as the protagonists.
  43. ↑ "Agriculture, Industry, Services". worldbank.org. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 25 May 2017. Linoyog ontok 24 May 2017.
  44. ↑ "Employment distribution by economic activity (by sex)". ilo.org. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 25 May 2017. Linoyog ontok 24 May 2017.
  45. ↑ "¿Cómo está compuesta la economía colombiana?" (id boros Sepanyol). dinero.com. 29 September 2015. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 20 September 2020. Linoyog ontok 29 September 2015.
  46. ↑ "Cuentas Trimestrales – Producto Interno Bruto (PIB)" (PDF) (id boros Sepanyol). dane.gov.co. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 9 October 2022. Linoyog ontok 16 February 2018.
  47. ↑ "Colombian economy" (id boros Sepanyol). banrepcultural.org. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 12 May 2015. Linoyog ontok 16 April 2013.


Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> wujud untuk kumpulan bernama "lower-alpha", tetapi tiada tag <references group="lower-alpha"/> yang berpadanan disertakan

Naanu mantad "https://dtp.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colombia&oldid=21764"