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Ordu

Coordinates: 40°59′N 37°53′E / 40.983°N 37.883°E / 40.983; 37.883
Mantad Wikipedia
article nopo diti nga kokomoi the city. For other uses, see Ordu (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Urdu.

Ordu
City
From top: View from Boztepe, Taşbaşı Church, Ordu city center, Ordu seaside, Ordu Boztepe Ropeway, Iason Church
Ordu is located in Turkey
Ordu
Ordu
Location of Ordu within Turkey
Ordu is located in Black Sea
Ordu
Ordu
Ordu (Black Sea)
Ordu is located in Europe
Ordu
Ordu
Ordu (Europe)
Coordinates: 40°59′N 37°53′E / 40.983°N 37.883°E / 40.983; 37.883
Country Turkey
RegionBlack Sea
ProvinceOrdu
Government
 • MayorMehmet Hilmi Güler (AK Party)
Elevation
5 m (16 ft)
Population
 (2023)[1]
 • Urban
235.096
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code
52xxx
Area code0452
Licence plate52
ClimateCfa

Ordu (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈoɾdu]) toi ko' Altınordu nopo nga iso kakadayan pelabuhan id kotogisan Rahat Oitom,Turki om ibu kota do Wilayah Ordu. Kakadayan nopo diti nga mombontuk do kinoyonon kakadayan montok watas Altınordu miampai mogigion soginumu 235,096 tulun ontok toun 2023.[1]

Ngaran

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Minonuat i Özhan Öztürk do ngaran nopo dii nga mantad hogot laid id suang Boros Laz i kirati do tembikar ('Koto', kaagal-agal do 'Koto' id suang Boros Mingrelian, 'Kotani' id suang Boros Georgia om 'Katana' id suang Boros Laz) om kotohurionon koubasanan id suang Boros Kartvelia i popokito kosongonuan ('Uri'). Id suang Boros Zan (ointutunan nogi sabaagi Colchian) Kotyora i kirati do kinoyonon pinamansayan do tembikar dii.[2] Sinokodung iti do piipiro ngaran kinoyonon suai i kiroromu do Kartvelia i nokoimbulai id rantau dii om nogi hakikat do kinoyonon nopo dii maya sajara nga ointutunan sabaagi Djanik (Djani nopo nga iso po kawagu ngaran montok tulun Laz).[3]

Toud Yunanai om Rom purba minomungaran do kakadayan diti sabaagiCotyora toi ko' Kotyora toi ko' Cotyorum[4] (Yunani Kuno:Κοτύωρα).

Ngaran kontemporari Ordu kirati 'kem tentera' id suang boros Turki Uthmaniyyah notorimo ontok Empayar Uthmaniyyah gama kiwaa iso pos tentera i poindoros do kakadayan timpu baino.

Sajara

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Kakadayan dii ontok timpu Uthmaniyyah
Kotogisan Ordu om konuluhon Boztepe

Ontok abad ko-8 SM, pinoimpuun o Cotyora (Κοτύωρα) do tulun Miletus sabaagi iso mantad rangkaian koloni poingompus kotogisan Rahat Oitom. Poinladsong o kakadayan dii id iso teluk i pinungaranan tumanud ngaran dii sondii.[5] minapatayad i Xenophon id suang karyaAnabasis do kakadayan nopo dii nga koloni do Sinop,[6] om ninundorong hilo o soudor Hopod Ribu solinaid 45 tadau pogulu berlayar minuli.[7][8][9] Nokomoi nogi di Xenophon do soira nokorikot id Cotyora o soudor dii, nokorikot utusan mantad Sinop miampai minopoboros kaganggagarahan diolo. Minanahak yolo kotolinahasan do okon nopo ko yolo sanganu do kakadayan dii nga oinsanan nogi kinoyonon id posorili dii. Gumanggarau ngaawi utusan dii do rumbakon do soudor o kinoyonon dii, om mitimbungak di yolo miampai askar ngaawi.[10] Minonuat nogi i Diodorus Siculus do Cotyora nopo nga koloni i pinoimpou do tulun Sinopia.[11] Minonuat i Strabo do minapaatod o Coyotra do mogigion ngaawi montok mombontuk koloni Pharnacia,[12] nga katayadan nopo disio au kosongkiwal do kakadayan suai nga nokouhup nogi doid koponuridangan dii.[13] Id siriba pomorintaan Pharnaces I of Pontus, piniamung o Cotyora maya synoikismos miampai do Cerasus.[7] Arrian, id suang Periplus of the Euxine Sea (131 CE), mongunruai dii sabaagi iso "kampung tokoro."[14] Ptolemy, id suang Geography, monuku kakadayan dii sabaagi Kyteoron toi ko' Cyteoron (Κυτέωρον), ii no bontuk i nosimbanan mantad ngaran sandad dau, om minapatayad do ii nopo nga poinladsong id wilayah Polemonian Pontos, iso mantad boogian kotoinaan Pontus ontok timpu Rom.[15][16] Stephanus mantad Byzantium nga monuku nogi kakadayan dii sabaagi Cotyora.[17] Minonuat i Suda do ointutunan nogi ii sabaagi Cytora toi ko' Kytora (Κύτωρα).[18]

Kinoyonon nopo diti nga id siriba kapanamangan do Danishmends, om sumusuhut Turki Seljuk ontok toun 1214 om 1228, om nogi Hacıemiroğulları Beylik ontok toun 1346. Kalapas dii, naratu o wilayah diti id kopomorintaan do Empayar Uthmaniyyah ontok toun 1461 miampai Empayar Trebizond.[19]

Kakadayan moden nopo diti nga pinoimpou do Empayar Uthmaniyyah sabaagi Bayramlı poindoros do Eskipazar sabaagi pos soudor kiikiro 5 km (3 mi) ponong kotonobon do Ordu.

Ontok toun 1869, sinimbanan o ngaran kakadayan dii kumaa Ordu om piniamung miampai wilayah Bolaman, Perşembe, Ulubey, Hansamana (Gölköy), om Aybastı. Mondidikot abad ko-20, lobi mantad satanga mogigion kakadayan diti i tutumanud do kristian (loolobi Yunani om Armenia), om ointutunan o kakadayan diti miampai sikul-sikul Yunani dau.[9]

Ontok 4 ngiop 1921, pinoimbulai o wilayah Ordu maya minopotongkiad dii miampai Trebizond Vilayet.[20]

Arkeologi

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Ontok toun 2016, nokobontol o puru arkeologi do iso patung marmar dewi Cybele. Ontok toun 2018, id tapak di miagal, nokobontol nogi yolo arca dewa Pan om Dionysus.[21] Ontok toun 2021, mongumpilin o puru arkeologi tu kiwaa iso kuari watu i minomoguno dinamit montok momorumbak soboogian do lobong watu.[22]

Ontok Momuhau 2021, minanahak kopoilaan o puru arkeologi kokomoi kinabantalan walu lobong kiumul 1600 yid watas Kurtulus, Ordu. nokobontol nogi puru mononoriuk do topod-topod tulun om tayam, ogumu kakamot ponindak i winonsoi mantad amas, watu sardonyx, piok, kaca om gangsa, sobutul kaca om nogi manik-manik.[23][24] Id kinoyonon di miagal, nokobontol nogi o puru mononoriuk do iso gereja biara Byzantine om pinatantu do gereja nopo dii nga numaan dedikasi montok di Maharaja Constantine om tama disio i Helena.[25]

Ordu timpu baino

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Walai dounggulu-gulu id Taşbaşı/Altınordu.

Kadai kilang Sağra i popoboli mogisuusuai kawo hazelnut miampai sokolat, nopo nga iso mantad pamagayat ginawo id kakadayan diti.

Trem tongus Boztepe nopo nga iso po kawagu pamagayat ginawo ointutunan i osiliu do simbol moden montok kakadayan diti.

Muzik tempatan nopo nga tipikal montok rantau Rahat Oitom, kohompit no kakamot tuunion kemençe. Nansakan nopo nga poingimpou do kinotuan kinoyonon om kaampai no taakanon Turki koubasanan — miagal do pide om kebab — aom taakanon ogingo miagal do sokirim toomod toi ko' 'sokirim linugu' karamel.

Ekonomi

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Ordu nopo nga iso mantad wilayah i ogumu tanom do kasang hazel.[26] Ointutunan o ordu miampai asil kasang hazel ii no kiikiro 25 piatus mantad kopolobusan pomogunan. humontol o wilayah diti do tanom dii gisom 80% mantad abaabayan ekonomi. Papaasil o Turki do kiikiro 75 piatus mantad kasang hazel pomogunan.[27] Ontok toun 1920, Ordu nopo nga iso mantad papalabus kasang buncis opurak otomou i maan eksport hilo Eropah.[28] Kiwaa nogi dumo puun mulberi montok kopomiaraan ulat sutera.[29] Baino nopo, soboogian nopo do kakadayan diti nga nakawaya perindustrian om puru tinimungan nogi do Anatolian Tigers miampai 7 syarikat.

Kinoyonon kagayat

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  • Paşaoğlu Konağı om Muzium Etnografi – iso muzium etnigrafi.
  • Longkod Koubasanan Taşbaşı – iso longkod koubasanan
  • Boztepe – nulu miampai kinawas 550 m (1,800 ft) i potoguang do kakadayan mantad kotonobon. Mantad Mahas 2012, iso sistem kereta kabel ii no Ordu Boztepe Gondola pakawasa tutumombului do mungkayut mantad disan kotogisan kumaa timpak nulu miampai timpu 6.5 minit, miampai kapasiti 900 susumakai monikid jam.[30][31]
  • Old Houses of Ordu id longkod kakadayan laid
  • Yalı Camii, lohowon nogi sabaagi Aziziye Camii – iso masjid
  • Atik İbrahim Paşa Camii, lohowon nogi sabaagi Orta Cami – iso masjid i winonsoi ontok toun 1770
  • Eski Pazar Camii – iso masjid miampai walai mimpodju Turki
  • Efirli Camii – iso masjid
  • Cape Jason nopo nga tapak arkeologi om semenanjung tokoro i potoguang do rahat. Ngaran nopo dii nga naanu mantad Jason luguan tinimungan do mitologi Argonauts.

Sipoot

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Kakadayan ordu nopo nga nontodon do kalab mimbuul Orduspor. Longkod nopo tinimungan diti nga hilo id Stadium 19 Eylül i poinladsong id tanga-tanga do kakadayan. Nokoumbal o tinimungan Orduspor do mamain buul id Liga Super Turki solinaid piipiro timpu. Kalab nogi diti nga kiwaa tinimungan buul keranjang.

Piromutan antarabansa

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Intangai nogi: List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey

Kiwaa piromutan do Ordu miampai:

Taşbaşı Church during the winter.

Iklim

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Iklim nopo do ordu nga iklim subtropika asagub (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), miagal id kogumuan kotogisan kosilahon Rahat Oitom Turki. Kawaya ii do timpu talasu, timpu tosogit om rasam di ogumu poingompus toun, om ii nopo bobos asapou nga ontok timpu magalang om timpu tosogit.

Sumoonu, kiwaa salji id pialatan wulan Momuhau om Gomot, om koubasanan nopo nga solinaid sominggu toi ko' duo minggu om asapou soira momusalji.

Suhu waig, miagal di poingompus id kotogisan Rahat Oiton id Turki, osogit kasari om minsorili id pialatan 8 and 20 °C (46 and 68 °F) poingompus toun.

Climate data for Ordu (1991–2020, extremes 1959–dinondo)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25.8
(78.4) 		28.3
(82.9) 		34.8
(94.6) 		36.8
(98.2) 		35.6
(96.1) 		37.3
(99.1) 		37.1
(98.8) 		36.3
(97.3) 		36.4
(97.5) 		34.2
(93.6) 		32.4
(90.3) 		29.7
(85.5) 		37.3
(99.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 11.2
(52.2) 		11.4
(52.5) 		12.8
(55.0) 		15.4
(59.7) 		19.8
(67.6) 		24.8
(76.6) 		27.7
(81.9) 		28.5
(83.3) 		25.2
(77.4) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		13.2
(55.8) 		19.0
(66.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1) 		7.2
(45.0) 		8.7
(47.7) 		11.5
(52.7) 		16.1
(61.0) 		21.0
(69.8) 		23.9
(75.0) 		24.5
(76.1) 		21.0
(69.8) 		17.0
(62.6) 		12.3
(54.1) 		9.1
(48.4) 		15.0
(59.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.4
(39.9) 		4.2
(39.6) 		5.7
(42.3) 		8.5
(47.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		17.4
(63.3) 		20.4
(68.7) 		21.1
(70.0) 		17.6
(63.7) 		13.9
(57.0) 		9.1
(48.4) 		6.2
(43.2) 		11.8
(53.2)
Record low °C (°F) −7.2
(19.0) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		3.4
(38.1) 		8.4
(47.1) 		12.6
(54.7) 		13.0
(55.4) 		8.2
(46.8) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		−7.2
(19.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 108.4
(4.27) 		84.9
(3.34) 		86.8
(3.42) 		66.5
(2.62) 		61.5
(2.42) 		70.3
(2.77) 		58.5
(2.30) 		67.9
(2.67) 		88.3
(3.48) 		134.9
(5.31) 		128.8
(5.07) 		109.2
(4.30) 		1,066
(41.97)
Average precipitation days 15.03 14.13 16.63 14.37 13.63 11.37 9.63 9.80 12.63 15.07 13.07 14.70 160.1
Average relative humidity (%) 66.8 67.8 70.9 73.7 74.8 71.1 70.5 70.9 71.6 73.4 69.0 66.7 70.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 69.6 84.2 99.7 134.6 169.7 194.4 188.6 184.4 148.4 120.8 99.5 69.0 1,563
Mean daily sunshine hours 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.5 5.5 6.5 6.1 6.0 5.0 3.9 3.4 2.2 4.3
Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service[34]
Source 2: NOAA (humidity, sun 1991-2020)[35]

Tulun ointutunan mantad Ordu

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Datuk Bandar Perbandaran Metropolitan Ordu

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Intangai nogi: Mayor and Metropolitan municipality

Sipoot id Ordu

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Sukuon

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Ordu". citypopulation.de. Linoyog ontok 10 Milatok 2024.
  2. ↑ Özhan Öztürk. Pontus, Antikçağ'dan Günümüze Karadeniz'in Etnik ve Siyasi Tarihi, Genesis Yayınları. Ankara 2011, S.492
  3. ↑ Özhan Öztürk. Pontus, Antikçağ'dan Günümüze Karadeniz'in Etnik ve Siyasi Tarihi. Genesis Yayınları. Ankara 2011. S.566
  4. ↑ Pliny the Elder, The Natural History
  5. ↑ Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, note 9
  6. ↑ Xenophon, Anabasis, 5.5.3
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Olshausen, Eckart, "Cotyora" in Brill's New Pauly, Antiquity doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e621460
  8. ↑ Anabasis V.5.3f
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Encyclopedia Britannica Eleventh Edition, s.v. Ordu
  10. ↑ Xenophon, Anabasis, 5.5.7
  11. ↑ Diodorus Siculus, Library, § 14.31.1
  12. ↑ Strabo, Geography, 12.3
  13. ↑ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Cerasus
  14. ↑ 16.3 Translated in Arrian: Periplus Ponti Euxini, edited and translated by Aidan Liddle (London: Bristol Classical Press, 2003), p. 75
  15. ↑ Ptolemaeus, Geography, 5.6.4 - topostext
  16. ↑ Ptolemaeus, Geography, p.26
  17. ↑ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica
  18. ↑ Suda, ka.2170
  19. ↑ "Ordu ili tarihi". www.karalahana.com. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 13 Mikat 2008. Linoyog ontok 13 Milatok 2022.
  20. ↑ "Karadeniz Ansiklopedisi: Ordu maddesi". www.karalahana.com. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 7 Mikat 2005. Linoyog ontok 13 Milatok 2022.
  21. ↑ Dionysus, Pan sculptures found at site of 2,100-year-old goddess Kybele in northern Turkey
  22. ↑ Ancient castle under threat of quarry
  23. ↑ "4th-century tombs unearthed near Turkey's Black Sea coast". www.aa.com.tr. Linoyog ontok 19 Mansak 2022.
  24. ↑ "1,600-Year-Old Tombs Uncovered in Northern Turkey - Archaeology Magazine". www.archaeology.org. Linoyog ontok 19 Mansak 2022.
  25. ↑ "Archeologists discover Byzantine abbey in Ordu". www.hurriyetdailynews.org. Linoyog ontok 6 Gumas 2023.
  26. ↑ "Döviz düşerken fındık fiyatı da düştü". Gazete Banka. 21 Milau 2021. Linoyog ontok 21 Milau 2021.
  27. ↑ Schwartzstein, Peter (22 Magus 2015). "This small Turkish town grows a quarter of the world's hazelnuts". Quartz (id boros Inggilis). Linoyog ontok 7 Gomot 2020.
  28. ↑ Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 62.
  29. ↑ Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 64.
  30. ↑ "GD8 Ordu-Boztepe – References – Company – LEITNER ropeways". Leitner-ropeways.com. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 29 Gomot 2019. Linoyog ontok 14 Manom 2016.
  31. ↑ "Tatilden dersler aldık". Erzurum Flaş (id boros Turki). 27 Magus 2013. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 13 Milau 2013. Linoyog ontok 13 Milau 2013.
  32. ↑ "Batumi – Twin Towns & Sister Cities". Batumi City Hall. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 4 Mikat 2012. Linoyog ontok 10 Magus 2013.
  33. ↑ "Twin-cities of Azerbaijan". Azerbaijans.com. Linoyog ontok 9 Magus 2013.
  34. ↑ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (id boros Turki). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Linoyog ontok 3 Gumas 2023.
  35. ↑ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Bursa" (CSV). National centers for Environmental Information. Linoyog ontok 2 Magus 2023.

Noputan labus

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