Puruan geografi

Puruan geografi nopo nga puruan sains fizikal, puruan sains sosial toi ko' humanis i gana ponoriukan dau nopo nga geografi, ponoriukan kokomoi posorili sandad Pomogunan om ginumuan tulun, kaakup poingkuro ginumuan om pomogunan monongkoturubung. Timpuunon Yunani geo kikomoyon "pomogunan" om kolimpupuson Yunani, grafi kikomoyon "katarangan", dadi puruan geografi nopo nga sosongulun i minonoriuk pomogunan.[1] Hogot "geografi" nopo nga boros Perancis Pintangaan i notumbayaan kumoinsan ginuno ontok 1540.[2]
Mulong po do puruan geografi mibagal sajara nointutunan sabaagi tulun i momonsoi peta, pamansaian peta tootopot dau nopo nga gana' soriuk kartografi, subset geografi. PUruan geografi okonko monoriuk no do kokomoi posorili sandad toi ko' ginumuan tulun, nga nogi monoriuk piantakan duo-duo dau. Sabaagi poomitanan, monoriuk yolo poingkukuro posorili minanakadai kumaa ginumuan tulun om poingkuro tulun ginumuan mangarahung posorili sandad.[3]
Poimbida dau, puruan geografi monoriuk posorili sandad om puruan georafi tulun monoriuk tinaru om koubasanan tulun. Piipiro puruan geografi nopo nga gompuburu GIS (sistom kopoilaan geografi)sistom kopoilaan geografi) om asaru nanu kumaraja do kotinanan koporintaan kinoiyonon, pogun om pisompuruan om id siktor swasta do kumponi sandad posorili' om injinior.[4]
Linukisan di Johannes Vermeer, The Geographer om The Astronomer koduo-duo dau binoros mobi do rahung ii mingkawas kopio om pongingkawasan id suang ponolidikan saintifik id Eropah ontok maso linukisan diolo ontok 1668–69.
Gana soriuk
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Haro tolu gana pinsingilaan apangkal, i potikidon kaagu: [5]
- Geografi tulun: kaakup geografi kakadaian, geografi koubasanan, geografi ekonomi, geografi politik, geografi sajara, geografi padagangan, geografi kolidasan om geografi sosial.[6]
- Geografi fizikal: kaakup geomorfologi, hidrologi, glasiologi, biogeografi, klimatologi, meteorologi, pedologi, oseanografi, geodesi om geografi sandad posorili.[7]
- Geografi wilayah: kaakup atmosfera, biosfera, om litosfera.
National Geographic Society monutun abayaan limo uhu apangkal i alaab montok puruan geografi.[8]
- intoraksi tulun-posorili
- lokasi
- Pomoguraan
- kinoyonon
- wilayah
- Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) – mononorbit Cosmos om minongimpu'un biogeografi sub-gana.
- Arnold Henry Guyot (1807–1884) – nokoposurat waalan glasier om pongorotian pongoputan id suanggerakan glasier, poinlobi po id suang luluyungan ais i osiau.
- Carl O. Sauer (1889–1975) – puruan geografi koubasanan.
- Carl Ritter (1779–1859) –minogion tirikohon koiso' geografi id Univositi Berlin.
- David Harvey (nosusu 1935) – Puruan geografi Marxis om mananahak teori kokomoi geografi liwang om kakadaian, nakalantoi tutungkap Vautrin Lud.
- Doreen Massey (1944–2016) – cendekiawan id suang liwang om kinoyonon globalisasi om pluralitinya;nakalantoi tutungkap Vautrin Lud.
- Edward Soja (1940–2015) – kumaraja ontok kopotundaan watas, om i pamalanan tadbir monurupu om momonsoi guasan synekism om postmetropolis;nakalantoi tutungkap Vautrin Lud.
- Ellen Churchill Semple (1863–1932) – presiden tondu koiso'Pitimungan Puruan Geografi Amerika.
- Eratosthenes (s. 276–s. 195/194 SM) – mongintob ginayo Pomogunan.
- Ernest Burgess (1886–1966) –momomonsoi model zon sonlongkod.
- Gerardus Mercator (1512–1594) – kartografer i momonsoi unjuran Mercator
- John Francon Williams (1854–1911) – monunuat The Geography of the Oceans.
- Karl Butzer (1934–2016) – Puruan geografi Jerman-Amerika, puruan ekologi koubasanan om puruan arkeologi sandad posorili'.
- Michael Frank Goodchild (nosusu 1944) – Sarjana GIS om nakalantoi midol minongimpu'un RGS di toun 2003.
- Muhammad al-Idrisi (Bahasa Arab: أبو عبد الله محمد الإدريسي; Latin: Dreses) (1100–1165) – monunuat Nuzhatul Mushtaq.
- Nigel Thrift (nosusu 1949) –mongungunsub teori okon mongongobi’.
- Paul Vidal de La Blache (1845–1918) – minongimpu'un sikul geopolitik Perancis, minonurat prinsip geografi tulun.
- Ptolemy (s. 100–s. 170) – mongulud toilaan Yunani om Rom doid id suang buukGeographia.
- Radhanath Sikdar (1813–1870) – mongintob kinawasNulu Everest.
- Roger Tomlinson (1933 – 2014) – monunuat apangkal sistom kopoilaan geografi moden.
- Halford Mackinder (1861–1947) – minongimpu'un miwaya London School of Economics, Pitimungan Geografi.
- Strabo (64/63 SM – s. 24 Masihi) – monuat Geographica Geographica, sala iso buku-buku osopung i minamagais soriuk geografi.
- Waldo Tobler (1930-2018) – momonsoi kooturan koiso' geografi.
- Walter Christaller (1893–1969) –puruan geografi tulun om momomonsoi teori kinoyonon longkod.
- William Morris Davis (1850–1934) –tapa geografi Amerika om pamaju maso hakisan.
- Yi-Fu Tuan (1930-2022) – Sarjana Cina-Amerika dikreditkan miampai koponimpuunan geografi humanistik sabaagi pongubasan.
Institusi om ginumuan
[simbanai | simbanai toud]- Pitimungan Puruan Geografi Amerika[9]
- Pitimungan Geografi Amerika[10]
- Institut Geografi Anton Melik (Slovenia)
- Gamma Theta Upsilon (sompomogunan)
- Institut Sistom Koilaan Geografi (Pakistan)
- Koisaan Geografi Sompomogunan
- Pitimungan Geografi Karachi (Pakistan)
- Pitimungan National Geographic (AS)[11]
- Pitimungan Geografi Diraja Kanada
- Pitimungan Geografi Diraja Denmark
- Pitimungan Geografi Diraja (UK)[12]
- Pitimungan Geografi Rusia
Sukuon
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Pautan labus
[simbanai | simbanai toud]- Kategori kokomi Puruan geografi id Wikimedia Commons
- ↑ Arrowsmith, Aaron (1832). "Chapter II: The World". A Grammar of Modern Geography. King's College School. pp. 20–21. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 4 Oktober 2021. Linoyog ontok 4 Oktober 2021.
- ↑ "geography (n.)" (Web article). Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper. n.d. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 1 Ogos 2017. Linoyog ontok 10 Oktober 2018.
- ↑ Pedley, Mary Sponberg; Edney, Matthew H., eds. (2020). The History of Cartography, Volume 4: Cartography in the European Enlightenment. University of Chicago Press. pp. 557–558. ISBN 9780226339221. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 4 Oktober 2021. Linoyog ontok 4 Oktober 2021.
- ↑ "Geographers : Occupational Outlook Handbook : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics". www.bls.gov. Linoyog ontok 2021-10-06.
- ↑ "Three types of Geography" (PDF).
- ↑ Nel, Etienne (2010-11-23). "The dictionary of human geography, 5th edition - Edited by Derek Gregory, Ron Johnston, Geraldine Pratt, Michael J. Watts and Sarah Whatmore". New Zealand Geographer. 66 (3): 234–236. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7939.2010.01189_4.x. ISSN 0028-8144.
- ↑ Marsh, William M. (2013). Physical geography : great systems and global environments. Martin M. Kaufman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76428-5. OCLC 797965742.
- ↑ "Geography Education @". Nationalgeographic.com. 24 Oktober 2008. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 7 Februari 2010. Linoyog ontok 16 Julai 2013.
- ↑ Freeman, T. W.; James, Preston E.; Martin, Geoffrey J. (July 1980). "The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-Five Years 1904-1979". The Geographical Journal. 146 (2): 298. doi:10.2307/632894. ISSN 0016-7398. JSTOR 632894.
- ↑ "AGS History". 2009-02-26. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 26 February 2009. Linoyog ontok 2021-10-11.
- ↑ "National Geographic Society". U.S. Department of State. Linoyog ontok 2021-10-11.
- ↑ "Royal Geographical Society - Royal Geographical Society (with IBG)". www.rgs.org. Linoyog ontok 2021-10-11.