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Tempura

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Tempura
Alternative namesTenpura
Place of originNagasaki, by Portuguese missionaries
Region or stateWest Europe
East Asia
Associated cuisineJapanese cuisine
Tempura shrimp and vegetables
Tendon
Tenzaru (tempura and soba)
Tempura udon

Tempura (天ぷら or 天麩羅, tenpura; [tempɯɾa]) nopo nga taakanon tipikal do Jipun i kosoruan mantad do taakanon rahat om kinotuan ii sinoluput miampai do linongot di onipis om ginuring. Tempura i kinintodonon di abad kumo-16 soira minogowit o Jesuit Portugis do kaida' mogonsok kawo Kotonobon montok poposoluput taakanon miampai do tapung om guringon maya padagangan Nanban.[1]

Kopotoundaan

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Linongot

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Linongot agaan nopo nga wonsoyon mantad do waig tosogit, tontolu,[2] om tapung gandum (kek,[3], pastri[4] toi ko' tapung milo ngaawi gunoon[2]). Somonu nopo nga ruhangan o baking soda toi ko' sorbuk papakambang montok papagaan do linongot. Tilombuson miampai momoguno do waig sparkling montok mogolon do waig toomod[5] ii kiwaa do bagas di miagal. Linongot tempura do koubasanan nopo nga pilongoton id tinimungan tokoro momoguno do penyepit solinaid do piipiro saat no gisom kiwaa kotulan id linongot dii miampai do linasu linongot di osogit montok papaasil struktur tempura di olomok om ahata soira oonsok. Kosoruan nopo nga poopion o linongot do osogit miampai mongoruhang ais toi ko' popoiliu mangkuk id suang mangkuk di lobi agayo miampai ais. Linongot di nouruan nopo nga popopurokis do gluten gandum gisom do osiliu linongot tapung di do olomok kopio miagal ko' doh soira oguring.

Tapung tempura nopo i nowonsoi mantad nga kiwaa id pasar raya. Kosoruan diti nopo nga tapung di agaan (osiriba gluten) om somonu kiwaa ragi miagal ko' sorbuk popoinsawat.[6]

Tempura nopo nga au momoguno sorbuk ruti (panko) id sinoluput.[7] Taakanon ginurung di sinoluput miampai sorbuk ruti nopo nga lohowon do furai,[8] taakanon ginuring id woyo do Kotonobon winonsoi Jipun, miagal ko' tonkatsu toi ko' ebi furai (gipan ginuring).[8]

Aiso pomoroso toi ko' tusi i poruhangon id linongot toi ko' roromu-roromu dau,[2] suai ko piipiro rosipi ii pinosuul montok mongolihung taakanon rahat id suang waig toosin pogulu do kopotoundaan.[9]

Momoguring

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Momoguring tempura

Nohiris di onipis toi ko' jalur kinotuan toi ko' taakanon rahat nopo nga soluputon id linongot om guringon do toruhai id tumau di alasu.[10] Tumau kinotouan[11] toi ko' tumau kanola nopo nga kosoruan gunoon; nga tempura maya koubasanan nopo nga onsokon momoguno do tumau bijan.[12] Kogumuan kadai poimbida nopo nga momoguno tumau bijan toi ko' tumau biji teh om ondoson do sebatian di natantu id tumau diti montok monguhup papaasil linongot di agaan om lobi okorup.

Ginuring di nopongo no nopo nga kiwotik opurak di oposi, onipis om olomok,[13] nga okorup.[14]

Mumuk linongot (ointutunan sabaagi do tenkasu) nopo nga soukon id tinimungan tempura moi do au osorob om au popotindohoi roso di au osonong id tumau.[15] Soukon momogun jaring tokoro (ami jakushi) i gunoon montok tudu diti. Tenkasu nopo nga kosoruan do poimbida sabaagi roromu id taakanon do suai toi ko' sabaagi do topping.

Roromu

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Mogikaakawo taakanon rahat om kinotuan toomod ii oguno sabaagi do roromu id tempura koubasanan

Taakanon rahat

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Tempura karang miampai tontolu landak rahat.

Kawo taakanon rahat i gunoon id tempura kohompit do:

Kinotuan

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Tempura kulat
Kawo kinotuan tempura i pinosurung id restoran San-Sada idAsakusa, Tokyo, Japan

Tempura kinotuan nopo nga lohowon do yasai tempura. Tempura do toinsanan kinotuan nopo nga posurungon sabaagi taakanon vegetarian. Kawo kinotuan nopo nga kohompit do:

Suai

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Woyo posurung om koposolimbahan

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Tentsuyu nopo nga sos i kosoruan akanon miampai do tempura.

Pinutul tempura ii noonsok milo do akanon maya do potutuon sos, poosinon miampai aiso sos toi ko' gunoon montok popisudong do taakanon suai. Tempura nopo nga kosoruan posurungon miampai daikon parut om akanon do alasu po kopongo do oguring. Id Jipun, asaru okito iti miampai do samangkuk sup soba toi ko' udon id bontuk do gipan, roun shiso toi ko' guring. Sos i kosoruan gunoon nopo nga sos tentsuyu (kiikiro tolu boogian dashi, iso boogian mirin om iso boogian shoyu). Sabaagi alternatif, tempura skim nopo nga patayadon miampai tusi rahat pogulu do akanon. Rinolot sorbuk teh otomou om tusi toi ko' yuzu om tusi nogi nga gunoon.[22] Kakiage nopo nga iso kawo tempura i wonsoyon miampai jalur kinotuan rinolot miagal ko' bawang, lubak aragang om burdock om somonu nopo nga kohompit do gipan om sutung i guringon sabaagi ginuring tokoro do obulugu.

Mangkuk kakiage kibontuk monara (tendon), poimbida idŌarai, Ibaraki

Tempura nogi nga gunoon miampai kombinasi do taakanon suai. Soira posurungon ii id sawat do soba (mi soba), lohowon ii sabaagi do tempura soba[23] toi ko' tensoba.Tempura nogi nga posurungon sabaagi taakanon donburi miampai gipan tempura om kinotuan nopo nga id sawat do takano tinanok id mangkuk (tendon) om id sawat do sup udon (tempura udon).

Sajara

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Peixinhos da horta ("little fishes from the garden"), the Portuguese ancestor of Japanese tempura
Tempura yatai (stall) of Edo period[24]
Black bass ten-don in Lake Ashi, Japan
Tenya

Tadon

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Taakanon Jipun pogulu diti nopo nga onsokon miampai aiso ruti toi ko' linongot toi ko' guringon minampai tapung wagas. Sundung do ingkaa, sumomok nodi do abad kumo-16, teknik mogonsok maya momoguring miampai linongot tapung om tontolu nopo nga naanu mantad id Nagasaki mantad do mubaligh Portugis. Peixinhos da horta nopo nga taakanon ii asaru akanon ontok tadau Paska toi ko' Ember montok momonu kooturan mogkodos om pantang montok tongoulun Katolik. Hogot "tempura" nopo nga mantad boros Latin tempora, istila' i sumuku kumaa timpu-timpu mogkodos diti. Ontok timpu dii, roromu nopo nga takapan miampai linongot akapal i kiwaa do tapung, gula om sake om nogi guringon id lunok wogok. Sorou tu' haro no roso o linongot dii, au nuru akanon miampai do sos ponutu.

Ontok gulu abad kumo-17 id posorili koiyonon Teluk Tokyo, roromu om kopotoundaan do tempura nopo nga nokosimban soira nointutunan o koubasanan yatai (food cart). Momoguno iti do taakanon rahat di ahata i totos osonong miampai popotindohoi do roso olunau dau, momoguno do tapung i tempura, tontolu om waig sabaagi roromu om linongot aiso roso. Gama tu' gouron o linongot do minima miampai waig tosogit, mongilag iti mantad do sumokot miagal ko' doh tu kiwaa pongaktifan gluten gandum, ii papaasil do tekstur okorup i nosiliu do kouyuuyuo do tempura do baino. Nosiliu o koubasanan iti montok do popotutu do tempura miampai sos i pinirolot miampai daikon parut pogulu do akanon.

Baino nopo dii id Jipun, resipi tempura arus pordana nopo nga mantad tempura "gaya tokyo" (ointutunan nogi sabaagi "gaya Edo"), ii nowonsoi id garai taakanon do pointongkop pasar sada id toning do baang ontok zaman Edo. Nointutunan o Tempura sabaagi somboogian tagayo gama do kogumuan do taakanon rahat. Kaagu nga, soira nokoburu o teknik pamagaan tumau, nokomura' nodi o tumau mogonsok. Poposurung taakanon di ginuring id walai nopo nga au milo ontok timpu Edo tu' tumau tempura nopo nga bahaya tu' kiwaa otutudan id bongunan Jipun ii nowonsoi mantad kalatas om kayu. Gama dii, nakaanu o tempura do kointutunan sabaagi taakanon potilombus i akanon id garai taakanon do labus. Susukon ii om akanon miampai sos ponutu. Ondoson o tempura sabaagi iso "Edo Delicacies" miampai do soba (mi soba) om sushi, ii nogi nga iso garai taakanon i milo owiton do muli.

Resipi Tempura moden koiso nopo kopio di nakalabus nopo nga ontok toun 1671 id buuk mogonsok i lohowon do "料理献立抄". Kopongo zaman Meiji, au nodi ondoson o tempura sabaagi taakanon potilombus nga nokoburu sabaagi naansakan kalas tasawat.

Etimologi

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Look up tempura in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Hogot "tempera", toi ko' teknik popirolot do sada om kinotuan miampai do linongot om guringon nopo nga mantad boros tempora, boros Latin di kirati do "timpu", i gunoon do goduuduo mubaligh Sepanyol om Portugis montok monuku kumaa timpu PraPaska toi ko' Tadau Ember, Kurudu om tadau-tadau keramat Kristian do suai. Ember Days toi ko' quatuor anni tempora id boros Latin nopo nga sumuku kumaa tadau-tadau obitua soira mongilag o tulun Katolik mantad daging om mangakan do sada toi ko' kinotuan. Ideo' do tempura nopo nga mantad kanto do boros ngaran Portugis tempero, i kirati do pomoroso toi ko' pomoroso id nunu nopo bontuk toi ko' mantad hogot kalaja temperar i kirati do "papataam" om nogi mantad boros Jipun di asanang milo ondoson sabaagi tempero nopo nga miagal i poinharo mantad, miampai au monimban nunu nopo vokal tu' pomoroitan Portugis id kiis diti nopo nga osomok no kayagal do boros Jipun. Baino nopo nga kakal po haro o taakanon Protugal di osomok no koirad do tempura i lohowon do peixinhos da horta, "sada taman", i mantad do kasang otomou poroloton id linongot om guringon.

Istila "tempera" nopo nga ondoson nakaanu do populariti id ponongsiba Jipun; i gunoon do poinlaab montok sumuku kumaa nunu nopo taakanon i potoundaon momoguno tumau talasu kohompit no do piipiro taakanon Jipun i haro mantad. Baino, loolobi no id kotonobon Jipun, hogot "tempera" nogi nga kosoruan gunoon montok sumuku kumaa satsuma-age, kek sada surimi ii guringon om wonsoyon miampai aiso linongot.

Kopogikaakawahan

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Jipun

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Id Jipun, restoran i poimbida montok tempura nopo nga lohowon do tenpura-ya. Kogumuan restoran nopo nga manahak tempura sabaagi somboogian mantad takaanon set toi ko' bento (kutak taakanon tangaadau), om nogi iso roromu di nointutunan id suang kutak bento montok owiton muli toi ko' kadai serbaneka. Roromu om gaya mogonsok miampai do woyo posurung tempura nopo nga misuai kopio id pointongkod pogun, miampai kapansalan i poilihon id pomogunoon roromu di ahata om kimusim.

Labus Jipun

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Tempura ice cream
Chocolate cookie tempura

Id labus Jipun nopo nga kiwaa kogunoon okon tradisional om piomungan tempura. Chef id sompomogunan nopo nga popohompit do taakanon tempura id menu diolo om kiwaa mogikaakawo o kawo linongot om roromu di misuai do gunoon miagal ko' brokoli, zucchini, asparagus om chuchu okon tradisional. Roromu di suai ko kosoruan gunoon nopo nga kiwaa pinutul nori, tua'ua nokoring miagal ko punti om sokirim (sokirim guringon kiimpohon do tempura). Oilaan o restoran Amerika miampai poposurung do tempura id mogikaakawo daging loolobi no do manuk om keju, kosoruan ii Mozarella. Iso variasi nopo nga momoguno panko (sorbuk ruti) i papaasil konsistensi di lobi garing mantad linongot tempura, sundung do id Jipun nopo nga oklasifikasi iti sabaagi taakanon furai. Tempura (loolobi no do gipan) nopo nga asaru gunoon sabaagi lugu id makizushi. Variasi sushi tempura i totos ointutunan baino nopo nga kapingan sushi ii pinirolot do linongot om ginuring tempura.

Id Bangladesh, tusak labu toi ko' sumsum nopo nga guringon miampai songram rinolot do rampa tapung wagas gisom papaasil do tempura gaya Bangali i ointutunan sabaagi do kumro ful bhaja.

Taiwan

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Id Taiwan, miagal di pinotolinahas, tempura di pogulu nopo nga ointutunan sabaagi do tiānfùluó (天婦羅) om asaru okito id menu do restoran Jipun id pointongkod do pulou. Taakanon di miagal o tuni nopo nga, tianbula (Boros Cina: 甜不辣; pinyin: tiánbùlà; lit. 'oomis', 'au opodos') i kosoruan padagangon id pasar totuong. Tianbula nopo nga zaman satsuma Jipun i pinointutun kumaa Taiwan id siriba pomorintaan Jipun mantad tulun do Kyushu, hinombo zaman satsuma nopo nga kosoruan ointutunan sabaagi do tempura.

Intangai nogi

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Ralat Lua: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal').

Sukuon

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Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tempura.
Templat:Deep frying foods
  1. ↑ "The History of Tempura".
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kobayashi, Katsuyo (2000). The quick and easy Japanese cookbook: great recipes from Japan's favorite TV cooking show host. Kodansha International. p. 23. ISBN 4-7700-2504-1. Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah, nama "Kobayashi20002" digunakan secara berulang dengan kandungan yang berbeza
  3. ↑ "How to distinguish different types of flour". Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University – Resource Center (student & faculty support staff) (id boros Inggilis). 12 April 2021. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2021-08-21. Linoyog ontok 2021-08-21.
  4. ↑ Okamoto, Osamu (1994). Sam Okamoto's incredible vegetables. Pelican Publishing Company. p. 31. ISBN 1-56554-025-5.
  5. ↑ Yukimasa, Rika (2013-10-28). "Shrimp & Mushroom Tempura". NHK World-Japan. NHK. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2019-09-10. Linoyog ontok 2021-08-21.
  6. ↑ "Standard tables of food composition in Japan 2015 (Seventh Revised Edition)" (PDF). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (id boros Inggilis). 2017-12-20 [2015]. Chapter 3.1 Notes on Foods: PDF p 4/276. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 2020-02-19. Linoyog ontok 2021-08-21. "Premixed flour for Tempura" is a product made from soft flour, starch, baking powder, ...
  7. ↑ No panko appears in the definition of tempura: "Tempura" 天麩羅 テンプラ. Digital Daijisen (デジタル大辞泉) (id boros Jipun) (constantly updated ed.). Shogakukan. Linoyog ontok 2021-08-16 – via kotobank.jp. (rough translation): 1.Templat:Interp dipped in a batter made of wheat flour, egg, and water, then fried in vegetable oil. Vegetable tempuras are sometimes distinguished and called "shōjin-age." Templat:Interp
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Furai (ryouri)" フライ (料理) [Fry (cooking)]. Encyclopedia Nipponica web version (id boros Jipun) (constantly updated ed.). Shogakukan. Linoyog ontok 2021-08-16 – via kotobank.jp. (rough translation): In Western cuisine, "frying" means to deep-fry or sautee in oils or fats. Templat:Interp In Japan, "furai" refers to foods that are dipped in wheat flour, beaten egg, and bread crumbs and then deep-fried, Templat:Interp. If the ingredient is meat, it is called "chikin katsuretsu," "pōku katsuretsu (tonkatsu)," etc., respectively.Templat:Interp
  9. ↑ "Summer Tempura". NHK World-Japan (id boros Inggilis). 2012-07-30. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2021-08-21. Linoyog ontok 2021-08-21.
  10. ↑ Kobayashi, Katsuyo (2000). The quick and easy Japanese cookbook: great recipes from Japan's favorite TV cooking show host. Kodansha International. p. 23. ISBN 4-7700-2504-1.
  11. ↑ "Tempura". NHK World-Japan. NHK. 2010-08-02. Linoyog ontok 2021-08-21.
  12. ↑ Frank, Dr Sandra (2017-01-07). "Dietitians Online Blog: January 7, National Tempura Day – Tempura Tofu and Spring Vegetables". Dietitians Online Blog. Linoyog ontok 2017-01-25.
  13. ↑ "Battle of the Best Japanese Fried Foods". Gurunavi.com (id boros Inggilis). 2017-03-01. Ebi Furai vs Tempura Ebi. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2021-08-17. Linoyog ontok 2021-08-18.
  14. ↑ Amoroso, Phoebe (2016-11-14). "Tempura temptations: How deep-fried seafood seduced Japan". NHK World-Japan (id boros Inggilis). Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2021-05-21. Linoyog ontok 2021-08-21.
  15. ↑ Kobayashi, Katsuyo (2000). The quick and easy Japanese cookbook: great recipes from Japan's favorite TV cooking show host. Kodansha International. p. 23. ISBN 4-7700-2504-1.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Kobayashi2000
  17. ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama NHK_Tempura2010
  18. ↑ Kaneda Hatsuyo, Kaneda Yoichiro (photographer), "ひと目でわかる! おいしい「山菜・野草」の見分け方・食べ方", PHP Institute , September 24, 2010, 22 pages. ISBN 978-4-569-79145-6 .
  19. ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama NHK_Yukimasa2013
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Nozaki, Hiromitsu. "Shrimp and vegetable tempura". NHK World (id boros Inggilis). NHK. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2021-08-19. Linoyog ontok 2021-08-18.
  21. ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama NHK_SummerTempura2012
  22. ↑ Ono, Tadashi; Salat, Harris (2013). Japanese Soul Cooking: Ramen, Tonkatsu, Tempura, and More from the Streets and Kitchens of Tokyo and Beyond. Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony/Rodale. ISBN 9781607743538. Linoyog ontok 21 July 2020.
  23. ↑ "Tempura Soba". Authentic Recipe List. Asian Inspiretion. Linoyog ontok 6 November 2015.
  24. ↑ "Fukagawa Edo Museum". Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2013-10-29. Linoyog ontok 2011-02-13.
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