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Katana

Mantad Wikipedia
Katana (日本刀)
A katana modified from a Tachi forged by Motoshige. Bizen Osafune school influenced by the Sōshū school. 14th century, Nanboku-chō period. Important Cultural Property. Tokyo National Museum
TypeSword
Place of originJapan
Service history
Used bySamurai, Onna-musha, Ninja, Kendo, Iaido practitioners
Production history
ProducedNanboku-chō period (1336－1392) which corresponds to the early Muromachi period (1336–1573)[1] to present
Specifications
Massapprox. 1.1–1.5 kg (2.4–3.3 lb)
Blade lengthapprox. 60–80 cm (24–31 in)
Blade typeCurved, single-edged
Hilt typeTwo-handed swept, with circular or squared guard
Scabbard/sheathLacquered wood, some are covered with fish skin, decorated with brass and copper.[2][3]

Katana (刀, かたな, lit. 'one-sided blade') nopo nga gayang do Jepun di poinkilong-kilong, iso no mato, miampai guard di obulugu toi ko' apasagi om tiigitan di anaru montok pomogunoon koduo-duo longon. miampaicharacterized by a curved, single-edged blade with a circular or squared guard and long grip to accommodate two hands. Nakaharo iti alapas tachi, om ginuno do samurai ontok timpu feudal Jepun, oguno miampai mato pisau di pointuridong. Mantad po di timpu Muromachi, ogumu tachi laid pinutul mantad tonod om noinibaan, pisau id tonod nopo nga rinaag om nosimban kumaa katana.[4] Istila poimbida montok katana id Jepun nopo nga uchigatana (打刀, うちがたな, lit. 'gayang binadasan') om istila katana (刀) nopo nga kosoruan sumuku kumaa gayang di kimato iso no sompomogunan.[5]

Etimologi om boros noolos

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Print blok kayu Jepun mantad timpu Edo (kira-kira toun 1735) i popokito songulun samurai miampai tachi om wakizashi (toi ko' kodachi).

Hogot katana igulu nokoimbulai id boros Jepun id Nihon Shoki ontok toun 720. Istila diti nopo nga piomungan hogot do kata ("iso sisi, sampaping no") + na ("bilah), [6][7][8] misuai miampai tsurugi i kiduo mato.

Poinsuang o katana id payat gayang nihontō family of swords, om kopisuai maya ninaru bilah dau (nagasa) i kolobi 2 shaku, ii nopo nga kira-kira 60 cm (24 inci).[9]

Oilaan nogi katana sabaagi dai toi ko' daitō id pialatan tongoulun mantad Kotonobon di orohian do gayang, sundung pia daitō nopo nga ngaran koizaai montok nunu nopo gayang anganaru Jepun, maya literal kirati "gayang agayo".[10]

Koduo-duo bontuk katanas om katana nopo nga otorimo id boros Inggilis tu boros Jipun nopo nga aiso bontuk mintootoiso om misompuro di misuai.[11]

Roiton [katana], kun'yomi (basaon id Jepun) montok kanji 刀, ii timpuunon nopo nga kirati bilah kimato iso (nunu nopo ninaru) id boros Cina, nopo nga noolos sabaagi boros noolos do boros Portugis.[12] d boros Portugis, istila diti (miampai ijaan catana) nopo nga kirati "pisau gayo" toi ko' or machete.[12]

Kointalangan

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Mei (signature) om Nakago (tang) montok iso katana mantad timpu Edo

Maya koizaai, ointalangan o Katana sabaagi gayang Jepun kisaiz standard, miampai kilong di asadang (misuai miampai tachi laid di lobi okilong) om ninaru bilah kolobi 60.6 cm (23.86 inci) (lobi ko' 2 shaku).[13] Haro koulaalahon dau sondiri: bilah poinkilong, okoro-koro, iso no mato miampai guard obulugu toi ko apasagi (tsuba) miampai tiigitan anaru montok pomogunoon duo longon.[13]

Miampai piipiro pengecualian, milo pisuayon o katana om tachi sokiro haro tandatunturu (mei), tumanud koiyonon do tandatunturu dii id tang (nakago). Koubasanan nopo, koluton o mei id boogian nakago i pointoguang soira pakayon o gayang dii. Sokiro tachi nopo nga apakai miampai mato bilah poinsoriba, om katana nopo nga apakai miampai mato bilah poinsawat, mei nopo nga id lokasi misulak id nakago.[14]

Sajarawan mantad Kotonobon kiboros do katana nopo nga iso mantad ko' sanjata pomutul bobos tosonong id sajara susumangod pomogunan.[15][16] Sundung do ingkaa, sajanta toponsol id pisangadan ontok timpu Sengoku id abad ko-16 nopo nga yumi (pana), yari (tandus), tanegashima (senapang). Katana om tachi nopo nga oguno montok pisangadan osomok. Id timpu diti, taktik pisangadan nosimban kumaa pisangadan tinimungan do ashigaru (soujor mamanau) di ogumu. Mantad dii, amu nodii apakai o naginata om tachi om naalanan do yari om katana. Ontok timpu Edo di otoronong nodii, apangkal o kopomuganaon katana sabaagi sanjata. Id kolimpupuson timpu Edo, shishi (aktivis politik) nopo nga asaru misangod momoguno katana sabaagi sanjata toponsol diolo. Asaru nogi silihon do tutungkap o katana om tachi miampai daimyo (feudal lord) om samurai, toi ko' kapanahakan kumaa kami (sunduan asahang) id kuil Shinto, om nogi sabaagi simbol kagarasan om kerohanian kumaa tongosamurai.[17][18][19][20]

Sajara

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Kapamansayan gayand id Jepun abaagi kumaa pipiiro timpu pointantu:[21]

  • Jōkotō (gayang purba, gisom kira-kira toun 900)
  • Kotō (gayang laid manta kira-kira toun 900–1596)
  • Shintō (gayang wagu 1596–1780)
  • Shinshintō (gayang lobi wagu 1781–1876)
  • Gendaitō (gayang moden toi ko' kontemporari 1876–dinondo
Masamune monupu do katana miampai mongunguhup (ukiyo-e).
Iso katana aliran Sōshū nosimban mantad tachi sinupu di Masamune. Ointutunan o gayang diti sabaagi Ishida Masumane tu nasanganu di Ishida Mitsunari. Important Cultural Property. Tokyo National Museum
Katana aliran Sōshū di nosimban mantad tachi, Kiriha Sadamune, mantad Sadamune, tanak di Masamune. Abad ko-14, timpu Kamakura. Important Cultural Property. Tokyo National Museum
Muramasa (勢州桑名住村正) mantadTokyo National Museum

Katana nopo nga mantad do sasuga (刺刀), iso tantō (gayang toniba toi ko' pisauI i gunoon do samurai kipangkat tosiriba di misangod miampai mamanau ontok timpu Kamakura (1185-1333). Sanjata tohontol diolo nopo nga naginata anaru, om sasuga nopo nga sabaagi sanjata koduo. Ontok timpu Nanboku-cho (1336-1392), ii nogi nga kotimpuunon timpu Muromachi (1336-1573), mumu-gumu o sanjata anaru miagal ko' ōdachi. Okon ko iri no' maru-naru o sasuga om nokoburu kumaa katana.[22][23] Haro nogi teori di kikomi do koshigatana (腰刀), iso tantō di gunoon do samurai kipangkat takawas miampai tachi nogi nga nokoburu kumaa katana maya poninduhai sajara di miagal do sasuga. Mantad dii, haro kaakaka do koduo-duo diti nopo nga nokoburu kumaa katana. Katana bobos otuo di kakal po haro gisom dinondo nopo nga ointutunan sabaagi Hishizukuri uchigatana, i nosupu ontok timpu Nanbokuchō om pinatahak kumaa Kuil Kasuga.[1]

Galeri

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  • Katana winonsoi di Hizen Tadayoshi I. (Saijo Ō Wazamono) Azuchi－timpu Momoyama. (sawat) Katana mounting, Late Edo period. (soriba)
    Katana winonsoi di Hizen Tadayoshi I. (Saijo Ō Wazamono) Azuchi－timpu Momoyama. (sawat) Katana mounting, Late Edo period. (soriba)
  • Katana mounting montok Musashi Masamuneme, timpu Edo, Muzium Gayang Jepun
    Katana mounting montok Musashi Masamuneme, timpu Edo, Muzium Gayang Jepun
  • Hirumaki (leech patterned) poinsalut miampai laka taragang om nolopot miampai plat piok onipis, mantad timpu Edo, pokitonon id Muzium Gayang Jepun.
    Hirumaki (leech patterned) poinsalut miampai laka taragang om nolopot miampai plat piok onipis, mantad timpu Edo, pokitonon id Muzium Gayang Jepun.
  • Katana (Daishō) mountings miampai miampai rika corak retakan ais. Timpu Edo, Noiktiraf sabaagi Important Mounting, Muzium Gayang Jepun
    Katana (Daishō) mountings miampai miampai rika corak retakan ais. Timpu Edo, Noiktiraf sabaagi Important Mounting, Muzium Gayang Jepun
  • Daishō sword mounting, miampai burisan amas id sawat di nasalut laka aragang. Abad ko-16, Azuchi–Momoyama period. Important Cultural Property. Tokyo National Museum. Nokoumbal nasanganu di Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
    Daishō sword mounting, miampai burisan amas id sawat di nasalut laka aragang. Abad ko-16, Azuchi–Momoyama period. Important Cultural Property. Tokyo National Museum. Nokoumbal nasanganu di Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
  • Katana mounting miampai sarung nosolutan do laka hitam oluning, mantad timpu Edo. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
    Katana mounting miampai sarung nosolutan do laka hitam oluning, mantad timpu Edo. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
  • Hanamaru poinsalut laka oitom mon maki-e raden daishō koshirae. Timpu Meiji.
    Hanamaru poinsalut laka oitom mon maki-e raden daishō koshirae. Timpu Meiji.
  • Mounting montok katana nowonsoi di Motoshige. tohuri abad ko-16 toi ko' kotimpuunon abad ko-17, Azuchi–Momoyama toi ko' timpu Edo. Important Cultural Property. Tokyo National Museum.
    Mounting montok katana nowonsoi di Motoshige. tohuri abad ko-16 toi ko' kotimpuunon abad ko-17, Azuchi–Momoyama toi ko' timpu Edo. Important Cultural Property. Tokyo National Museum.
  • Katana Antik Jepun miampai koshirae omshirasaya, attributed kumaa Sukenao, 1600s
    Katana Antik Jepun miampai koshirae omshirasaya, attributed kumaa Sukenao, 1600s
  • Katana Jepun ii popokito horimono (blade carving), Metropolitan Museum of Art
    Katana Jepun ii popokito horimono (blade carving), Metropolitan Museum of Art
  • Hilt of katana Kotimpuunon timpu Edo.
    Hilt of katana Kotimpuunon timpu Edo.
  • Inskripsi (mei) id tang (nakago) do katana nowonsoi di Hizen tadayoshi I, timpu Azuchi－Momoyama. (saat) Hilt of katana. Tohuri timpu Edo. (soriba)
    Inskripsi (mei) id tang (nakago) do katana nowonsoi di Hizen tadayoshi I, timpu Azuchi－Momoyama. (saat) Hilt of katana. Tohuri timpu Edo. (soriba)
  • Koshirae (mountings) do daishō timpu Edo, kulit sada pari nasalut do sutera
    Koshirae (mountings) do daishō timpu Edo, kulit sada pari nasalut do sutera
  • Kissaki (tompok) do katana timpu Edo
    Kissaki (tompok) do katana timpu Edo

Intangai nogi

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Sukuon

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kazuhiko Inada (2020). Encyclopedia of the Japanese Swords, p. 43. ISBN 978-4651200408
  2. ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama takeot
  3. ↑ "日本の技術の精巧さは…". Mainichi Shimbun. March 27, 2016. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok August 28, 2016.
  4. ↑ 日本刀鑑賞のポイント「日本刀の姿」 Nagoya Touken Museum Touken World.
  5. ↑ 日本刀と刀の違い Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Touken World
  6. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 刀 (katana) entry available online here
  7. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  8. ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0, 刀 (katana) entry available online here
  9. ↑ "How Long Is a Katana?". Medieval Swords World (id boros Inggeris AS). 2019-08-03. Linoyog ontok 2019-09-09.
  10. ↑ Sun-Jin Kim (1996). Tuttle Dictionary Martial Arts Korea, China & Japan. Tuttle Publishing. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-8048-2016-5.
  11. ↑ Adrian Akmajian; Richard A. Demers; Ann K. Farmer; Robert M. Harnish (2001). Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication. Massachusetts: The MIT Press. p. 624. ISBN 9780262511230.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado; Anthony X. Soares (1988). Portuguese Vocables in Asiatic Languages: From the Portuguese Original of Monsignor Sebastiao Rodolfo Dalgado. South Asia Books. p. 520. ISBN 978-81-206-0413-1.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Kanzan Sato (1983). The Japanese Sword: A Comprehensive Guide (Japanese arts Library). Japan: Kodansha International. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-87011-562-2.
  14. ↑ 土子民夫 (May 2002). 日本刀21世紀への挑戦. Kodansha International. p. 30. ISBN 978-4-7700-2854-9.
  15. ↑ Roger Ford (2006). Weapon: A Visual History of Arms and Armor. DK Publishing. pp. 66, 120. ISBN 9780756622107.
  16. ↑ Anthony J. Bryant and Angus McBride (1994) Samurai 1550–1600. Osprey Publishing. p. 49. ISBN 1855323451
  17. ↑ 歴史人 September 2020. pp.40–43. Templat:ASIN
  18. ↑ History of Japanese swords "Muromachi period － Azuchi-Momoyama period". Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Touken World.
  19. ↑ Arms for battle – spears, swords, bows. Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Touken World.
  20. ↑ Kazuhiko Inada (2020), Encyclopedia of the Japanese Swords. p42. ISBN 978-4651200408
  21. ↑ Transition of kotō, shintō, shinshintō, and gendaitō. Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Touken World
  22. ↑ 歴史人 September 2020, p. 40. Templat:ASIN
  23. ↑ List of terms related to Japanese swords "Sasuga". Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Touken World.

Pambasaan sumusuhut

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Noputan Labus

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Media related to Katana at Wikimedia Commons

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