Kuil Besakih

Pura Besakih
Pura Besakih
	Pura Besakih, the holiest of all Balinese Hindu temples.
General information
Kawo	Pura
Architectural style	Balinese
Location	Besakih, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia
Address	Besakih, Rendang, Karangasem Regency, Bali 80863
Koordinat	8°22′28″S 115°27′03″E / 8.374368°S 115.450936°E
Estimated completion	15th-century
Website
	www.besakihbali.com

Kuil Besakih (Bahasa Bali: ᬧᬸᬭᬩᭂᬲᬓᬶᬄ) nopo nga iso kompleks pura id kampung Besakih id doliwan do Nulu Agung id kosilahon Bali, Indonesia. Iti nopo nga' kuil di bobos toponsol, agayo om bobos olidang id suang do ugama Hindu Bali, ^[1] om iso mantad koinsanai siri kuil Bali. Poinladsong lobi kuang 1000 meter id sampaping do Nulu Agung, iti nopo nga' kompleks agayo 23 kuil i misuai nga' kipionitan di agayo om oponsol id Pura Penataran Agung. Winonsoi o kuil diti miampai onom simbau, kisulup id sawat do piras. Tinanda' o totobon suangon miampai candi bentar (totobon suangon nopo nga' nalapak), om Kori Agung nopo nga totobon suangon kumaa liwang kumoduo. ^[2]

Sajara

Nintonodon miampai otopot montok kuil diti nopo nga au otolinahas, nga kapansalan dau sabaagi do kinoyonon tolidang osomok no otolinahas do nokotimpuun mantan zaman prasajara. Nintonodon do watu Pura Penataran Agung om piipiro kuil suai kaagal-agal do piramid misimbou megalitik, i nokotimpuun lobi kuang 2,000 toun.

Gunoon o kuil diti montok sambayangan do Hindu mantad 1284 soira susumolod Jawa kumoiso minion id Bali. Id kotimpuunon do abad ko-15, nosiliu o Besakih sabaagi iso kuil pogun montok dinasti Gelgel i kikuasa.

Kinoyonon

Kuil nopo diti nga' id piras do Nulu Agung, nulu kitapu di apangkal id Bali.^[3]

Inus winonsoi

Pura Besakih nopo nga' iso kompleks miampai duo nohopod om tolu kuil id sakai permatang selari. Kiwaa sulup misimbau om tukad montok minsawat id piipiro liwang om totobon sumuang mantad bata kumaa menara tapangkal toi ko' struktur Meru, i lohowon sabaagi do Pura Penataran Agung. Toinsanan diti piniagal id poingompus do paksi tunggal om winonsoi montok momuruan do tulun rohani minsawat om minsomok do nulu di noroitan do olidang. Semua ini diselaraskan di sepanjang paksi tunggal dan direka untuk memimpin orang rohani ke atas dan lebih dekat ke gunung yang dianggap suci.^[4]

Kinoyonon koumoligan apangkal montok kompleks diti nopo nga Pura Penataran Agung. Longkod simbolik kinoyonon apangkal olidang nopo nga' takhta tolipuk, toi ko' padmasana, i nokosiliu do ririkoton ritual poinggonop kompleks. Nokotimpuun iti lobi kuang abad kohopod om turu. ^[5]

Siri kinoloputon Nulu Agung id 1963, hinonggo minamatai lobi kuang 1,700 tulun^[6]^[7] om monompuronok do Pura Besakih. Linuyung do lava tinumalib do kuil kompleks miampai piipiro no meter. Nandasan do tulun Bali do pongumoligan kuil diti nopo nga' iso kosunduon, om panakatanda mantad dewa do popokito yolo kuasa diolo nga au momorumbak do monumen di pinoingkakat do tulun Bali.

Karamayan

Monikid toun, au okuri mantad ko' turu o karamayan pohoroon id kompleks diti gama do monikid kuil nopo nga' mamaramai do tadau kinouliton monikid toun. Kitaran diti tumanud do 210-tadau sontoun id kalendar Pawukon.^[5]

Iti nopo nga' nakacalon sabaagi do Kinoyonon Tinungkusan Sompomogunan di toun 1995, nga naanu nogi di toun 2015.

Tutumombului

Di toun 2013, ginumu tutumombului mantad labus nopo nga' 84,368 tulun (77.2 piatus montok toinsanan tutumombului), om tutumombului domestik nopo nga' soginumu 24,853 tulun (22.8 piatus).^[8]

Kontroversi

Pinapalapur o CNN do derma au pasagaon nopo nga pokionuon do komulakan sandad mantad kokompungan id posorili om nogi mantad tutumombului di rumikot.^[9]

Galeri

Kuil tapangkal id Besakih
Pura Besakih
Pura Besakih
Pura Besakih
upacara sumambayang id Kuil Besakih
Kokitanan Bali mantad totobon tapangkal Besakih/Mother Temple's

Intangai nogi

Nuut

↑ "Mount Agung and Pura Besakih". Sacred Destinations. Linoyog ontok 20 Madas 2010.
↑ Lonely Planet: Bali om Lombok, Ngiop 2009, p 215
↑ "Mount Agung | Indonesia, Map, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (id boros Inggilis). Linoyog ontok 30 Milau 2023.
↑ Michell, George (1998). The Hindu temple: an introduction to its meaning and forms. University of Chicago Press. p. 168. ISBN 0-226-53230-5.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Davison, Julian (2003). Introduction to Balinese architecture. Tuttle Publishing. p. 60. ISBN 0-7946-0071-9.
↑ "Geology of Mt.Agung". Pusat Vulkanologi & Mitigasi Bencana Geologi — VSI. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 29 Manom 2008. Linoyog ontok 26 Ngiop 2009.
↑ Zen, M. T.; Hadikusumo, Djajadi (Momuhau 1964). "Preliminary report on the 1963 eruption of Mt.Agung in Bali (Indonesia)". Bulletin Volcanologique. The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System. 27 (1): 269–299. Bibcode:1964BVol...27..269Z. doi:10.1007/BF02597526.
↑ "Karangasem Perlu Ciptakan Objek Wisata Baru". 15 Mahas 2014. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 29 Magus 2014. Linoyog ontok 15 Mahas 2014.
↑ "Ada Pungutan Liar di Besakih, Pariwisata Bali Tercoreng". CNN Indonesia.

Pambasaan potilombus

I Nyoman Darma Putra and Michael Hitchcock (2005) Pura Besakih: A world heritage site contested in Indonesia and the Malay World, Volume 33, Issue 96 July 2005, pages 225 - 238
Stuart-Fox, David J.(2002) Pura Besakih: temple, religion and society in Bali KITLV, Original from the University of Michigan (Digitized 5 September 2008 into Google Books) ISBN 90-6718-146-3, ISBN 978-90-6718-146-4 . 470 pages

Noputan labus

Besakih travel guide from Wikivoyage

[1] "Mount Agung and Pura Besakih". Sacred Destinations. Linoyog ontok 20 Madas 2010.

[Lonely_Planet_2009,_p_215-2] Lonely Planet: Bali om Lombok, Ngiop 2009, p 215

[3] "Mount Agung | Indonesia, Map, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (id boros Inggilis). Linoyog ontok 30 Milau 2023.

[Hindu-4] Michell, George (1998). The Hindu temple: an introduction to its meaning and forms. University of Chicago Press. p. 168. ISBN 0-226-53230-5.

[Arche-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Davison, Julian (2003). Introduction to Balinese architecture. Tuttle Publishing. p. 60. ISBN 0-7946-0071-9.

[esdm-6] "Geology of Mt.Agung". Pusat Vulkanologi & Mitigasi Bencana Geologi — VSI. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 29 Manom 2008. Linoyog ontok 26 Ngiop 2009.

[adsabs-7] Zen, M. T.; Hadikusumo, Djajadi (Momuhau 1964). "Preliminary report on the 1963 eruption of Mt.Agung in Bali (Indonesia)". Bulletin Volcanologique. The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System. 27 (1): 269–299. Bibcode:1964BVol...27..269Z. doi:10.1007/BF02597526.

[8] "Karangasem Perlu Ciptakan Objek Wisata Baru". 15 Mahas 2014. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 29 Magus 2014. Linoyog ontok 15 Mahas 2014.

[9] "Ada Pungutan Liar di Besakih, Pariwisata Bali Tercoreng". CNN Indonesia.

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v t e Hindu temples in Indonesia
Candi	Asu Badut Banon Barong Bojongmenje Bumiayu Cangkuang Ceto Dieng Gebang Gedong Songo Gunung Gangsir Gunung Wukir Ijo Jago Jawi Kedulan Kidal Kimpulan Liyangan Merak Morangan Pari Prambanan Penataran Sambisari Singhasari Sukuh Surawana Trowulan Umbul
Pura	Pura Beji Sangsit Pura Besakih Pura Dalem Agung Padangtegal Pura Dalem Segara Madhu Pura Gede Perancak Pura Goa Lawah Gunung Kawi Pura Kehen Pura Lempuyang Luhur Pura Luhur Batukaru Pura Maospahit Pura Meduwe Karang Pura Parahyangan Agung Jagatkarta Pura Rambut Siwi Pura Taman Ayun Pura Tanah Lot Pura Tirta Empul Pura Ulun Danu Batur Pura Ulun Danu Bratan Pura Uluwatu
Koil	Sri Mariamman Temple Shri Sanathana Dharma Aalayam Sri Sithi Vinayagar Temple Sri Shiva Temple Palani Andawer Temple