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Pisangadan Köse Dağ

Coordinates: 40°15′00″N 39°33′00″E / 40.2500°N 39.5500°E / 40.2500; 39.5500
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Pisangadan Köse Dağ
Part of Pencerobohan Mongol id Anatolia

Tulun Mongol momogusa do Seljuqs. Hayton id Corycus, Fleur des histoires d'orient.
DateMadas 26, 1243
Location
Kösedağ (lobi kuang 60 km mantad kotonobon do Sivas)[2]
Result Nakamanang o Mongol, intangai kalapas dii
Belligerents
Mongol Empire
Principality of Khachen
Georgian mercenaries[1]		 Sultan Seljuq id Rum
Kouhupan mantad Georgian
Kouhupan mantad Trapezuntine
Tantara binayaran mantad Latin
Commanders and leaders
Baiju Noyan
Hasan-Jalal I		 Kaykhusraw II
Pharadavla Akhaltsikheli
Dardin Shervashidze †
Strength
30,000–40,000 60,000–80,000
Casualties and losses
lobi kuang 750 3,000

Pisangadan Köse Dağ nopo nga pioduhan do Sultan Rum i pinorinta do dinasti Seljuq miampai do empayar Mongol di 26 Mahas 1243 id Nulu Kösedağ, iso kinoyonon id pialatan do Erzincan om Gümüşhane id ponong koibutan kosilahon do Turki.[3][4] Nakaanu do kalantayon o Mongol montok pisangadan dii.

Kinoyonon

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Tulun sajara Armenia maamaso abad ko-13, i Gregory of Akner, minonuat do pisangadan diti nopo nga nokowonsoi id pialatan do Erzurum om Erzincan. Id timpu dii nogi, pinopoilo i Kirakos Gandzaketsi do kinaantakan diti nopo nga nokoindalan miinsomok do iso kampung di lohowon sabaagi do Chʻmankatuk, i sumuku kanto kumaa timpu nokoburu Üzümlü (di pogulu nopo nga Cimin) id Wilayah Erzincan Turki.[5] Rashid al-Din Hamadani. Toud suai nopo nga momolohou do kinoyonon do pisangadan Köse Dağ, i kirati do means "nulu lagas/ aiso ganggut" id boros Turki.[5]

Pisangadan

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Id siriba pimpinan di Baiju, komando Mongol, tulun Mongol nopo nga minanangod do Rum antakan di timpu tosogit 1242-1243 om minagahau do kota Erzurum. Sultan Kaykhusraw II nopo nga minagangat do sombol dau montok manahak kouhupan katantaraan montok sumangod do tulun Mongol dii. Pinapaatod o Empayar Trebizond do iso detasmen, om pinohompit do sultan o tinimungan askar binayaran "Frankish" (Eropah Kotonobon).[6] Gama do pioduhan diti, Raja Hethum I mantad Kerajaan Armenia Cilicia minanangguh montok mamung do tantara Kaykhusraw, i minamanau maimpai aiso isio.[5] Piipiro tulun kiharo-haro mantad Georgia miagal do Pharadavla of Akhaltsikhe om Dardin Shervashidze nogi nga tinumanud dau, kogumuan tulun Georgia nopo nga sinonsog do misangod miampai pembesar Mongol diolo. Kontijen Georgia-Armenia id suang do tantara Mongol, kohompit no Hasan-Jalal I, pomorintah Khachen.[5]

Horseman miampai kakamot Anatolian Seljuk, id Varka om Golshah, miniatur id pintangaan abad ko-13, Konya, Sultan do Rum. Tantara diti nopo nga nogonop miampai gayang tanaru om pana, om montok koumoligan nopo nga momoguno do kolid di tagayo ("kite-shields), kolid lamellar om mel hauberk.[7][8]

Pisangadan di nopo nga nokoindalan id Nulu Kösedağ di 26 Mahas 1243. Mogikaakawo ginumu nopo nga pinatahak id suang do toud tapangkal montok ginayo tantara sumangod, toinsanan nopo di nga miampai Seljuk om kolobi do ginumu Mongol: angka diberikan dalam sumber utama untuk saiz tentera lawan, semuanya dengan Seljuk melebihi jumlah Mongol:[9] 160,000 toi ko' 200,000 montok tantara sultan om 30,000 toi ko' 10,000 montok tinimungan Mongol.[5] 80,000 om 30,000 montok ginayo do Seljuq om tantara Mongol, monikid diolo nopo nga ginumu di oruhai no kopiagal.[5] Nadaan di Baiju o nuut mantad pagawai Georgia kokomoi ginumu tantara do Seljuq, i popoili do au yolo minongintob do ginumu ponokosangod diolo: " ogumu nopo yolo, lobi pantangon soira kalantoi, om lobi ogumu tulun dati di otingolig".[10]

Kaykhusraw II nopo nga minangada do kopoilaan montok magandad do sangod mantad Mongol mantad komando dau di lobi ogumu koinganan. Pinapaatod isido do 20,000 tantara, pinuruanan do komando di aiso koinganan, montok sumaap do tantara Mongol.[11] Minompura-pura o tantara Mongol do monongkiala,ginumuli kawagu om minonorili do tantara Seljuq. Gama di, nakalantoi o Mongol id suang do pisangadan diti.[12]

Soira toinsanan do tantara Seljuq nopo nga naala, kogumuan do komando Seljuq om tantara diolo, kohompit no Kaykhusraw II, tumimpuun do mogidu mantad kinoyonon pisangadan.[11] Mantad di, niduan o tantara Seljuq miampai aiso momuruan, om kogumuan dot tantara diolo nopo nga minogidu miampai aiso pisangadan.[11][12]

Kalapas dii

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Kalapas nakamanang yolo, nanu do Mongol o kakadayan Sivas om Kayseri. Minogidu o sultan kinumaa id Ankara nga nasansagan do mitoronong miampai di Baiju om manahak kapantangan di tagayo kumaa Empayar Mongol.[5]

Kinaalaan di nopo nga papasabap do nokoimbulai piipiro timpu kakasahon id Anatolia om nokotilombus kumaa kinatatakan om kababakan do pogun Seljuq. Empayar Trebizond nopo nga nosiliu pogun id siriba do Empayar Mongol. Miagal nogi do Kerajaan Armenia Cilicia i nosiliu sabaagi pogun id siriba do Mongol. negara bawahan Mongol.[13] Kuasa pointopot kumaa Anatolia nopo nga nokoindalan id siriba do Mongol.[14]

Sukuon

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  1. ↑ John Freely, Children of Achilles: The Greeks in Asia Minor since the Days of Troy, (I.B. Tauris, 2010), p. 143.
  2. ↑ Enver Behnan Şapolyo: Selçuklu İmparatorluğu tarihi, Güven Matbaasi, 1972, p. 191 (id Turkish)
  3. ↑ Anthony Bryer and David Winfield, The Byzantine Monuments and Topography of the Pontos, vol. 1, (Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1985) 172, 353.
  4. ↑ Köy Köy Türkiye Yol Atlası (Istanbul: Mapmedya, 2006), map p. 61.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Dashdondog, Bayarsaikhan (2011). The Mongols and the Armenians (1220–1335). Leiden & Boston: Brill. pp. 61–63, 76. ISBN 978-90-04-18635-4.
  6. ↑ Claude Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey: a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history, trans. J. Jones-Williams, (New York: Taplinger, 1968) p. 137. [ISBN missing]
  7. ↑ Gorelik, Michael (1979). Oriental Armour of the Near and Middle East from the Eighth to the Fifteenth Centuries as Shown in Works of Art (in Islamic Arms and Armour). London: Robert Elgood. p. Fig.38. ISBN 978-0859674706.
  8. ↑ Sabuhi, Ahmadov Ahmad oglu (July–August 2015). "The miniatures of the manuscript "Varka and Gulshah" as a source for the study of weapons of XII–XIII centuries in Azerbaijan". Austrian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (7–8): 14–16.
  9. ↑ Claude Cahen, "Köse Dagh" Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. by P. Bearman, et al. (Brill 2007)
  10. ↑ Henry Desmond Martin, "The Mongol army", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1943/1–2, pp. 46–85
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Ali Sevim, Erdoğan Merçil: Selçuklu devletleri tarihi: siyaset, teşkilât ve kültür, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1995, ISBN 978-9751606907, p. 472 (id Turkish)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Nuri Ünlü: İslâm tarihi 1, Marmara Üniversitesi, İlâhiyat Fakültesi Vakfı, 1992, ISBN 9755480072, p. 492. (id Turkish)
  13. ↑ İdris Bal, Mustafa Çufalı: Dünden bugüne Türk Ermeni ilişkileri, Nobel, 2003, ISBN 9755914889, p. 61.
  14. ↑ Josef W. Meri, Jere L. Bacharach. Medieval Islamic Civilization: A–K, index, p. 442 [ISBN missing]

Noputan labus

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40°15′00″N 39°33′00″E / 40.2500°N 39.5500°E / 40.2500; 39.5500

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