Teluk Benggala

Teluk Benggala
Teluk Benggala
	Pata don Teluk Benggala
Location	Asia Tenggara om Asia Selatan
Coordinates	15°N 88°E / 15°N 88°E
Type	Teluk
Primary inflows	Indian Ocean
Basin countries	Bangladesh; India; Indonesia; Myanmar; Sri Lanka
Max. length	2,090 km (1,300 mi)
Max. width	1,610 km (1,000 mi)
Surface area	2,600,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi)
Average depth	2,600 m (8,500 ft)
Max. depth	4,694 m (15,400 ft)

Teluk Benggala nopo nga boogian kosilahon do Rahat Hindi. Sabaagi teluk bobos agayo id pomogunan, poinladsong ii maya geografi id piolitan subbenua India om semenanjung Indochina, poinladsong id siriba kinoyonon Bengal.

Kogumuan pogun id Asia Selatan om Asia Tenggaran momoguno do Teluk Benggala montok mogisuusai ababayan id koposion sangadau-adau diolo. Nung intangan id aspek geopolotik, teluk diti miwolit id ponong kotonobon om kotonobon rahat do India, id ponong koibutan do Bangladesh, om id kosilahon do pogun Myanmar om nogi id Nulu Andaman om Nicobar, India. Rontob selatan nopo nga ruludan id pialatan do Sangaman Kanda, Sri Lank om titik totos barat laut Sumatera, Indonesia.^[3]^[4] Cox's Bazar, nopo nga pantai rahat di totos tanaru id pomogunan om Sundarbans, talun bakau totos tagayo om tiiyonon sandad posorili harimau Bengal nopo nga poingiyon id pointongkop do teluk.

Ponolikud

Etimologi

Nakaanu ngaran o teluk diti mantad wilaya Bengal ii kisaraja (Bangladesh baino om negeri-negeri India id Bengal Barat, Tripura om Lembah Barak id Assam Selatan). Id suang kitab tobitua India Purba, tinan waig diti nopo nga sukuon sabaagi Mahodadhi.^[5] Tulun Rom Purba nopo nga mongolohou dii sabaagi Sinus Gangeticus toi ko' Gangeticus Sinus om tulun Yunani Purba nopo nga mogolohou dii id boros Yunani do, "Gulf of the Ganges",^[6]^[7] om tinilombus do pita Eropah laid do minomoguno ngaran diti.^[8]

Sajara

Id India Klasik purba, lohowon o Teluk Bengal sabaagi Vaṅgasāgara (Vanga Sea).^[9] Ngaran suai nopo nga gunoon nogi id kosusasteraan Tamil purba ii nopo nga, Vanga Kadal (Vanga Sea toi ko' Rahat). Ointutunan nogi ii sabaagi Kalinga Sagar (Kalinga Sea).^[10]^[11]

Tanda totos gulu koulunan Silam id rantau diti nopo nga nokorikot mantad wayaan dudumagang tekstil ii minogontok do Rahat Arab timur i narahung do koundolihon tulun Arab om Parsi om iso po kawagu nopo nga kumaa barat gisom do minirolot o koubasanan do tulun Benggali Buddha miampai do Silam.^[12]

Tiiyonon kisajara

Id nuludan pimato:

Antarvedi nopo nga iso tiiyonon sumambayang di nointutunan id India Selatan id watas Konaseema di Andhra Pradesh ii poimbida montok Kuil Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy. Tiiyonon diti nopo nga tiyonon papatayad do Baang Godavari miruba do Teluk Bengal.^[13]
Arikamedu nopo nga tapak arkeologi id Selatan India id Kakkayanthope, Ariyankuppam Commune, Puducherry. Kisinodu iti do 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) mantad ibu pogun do Pondicherry wilaya India Puducherry
Tana jajahan British: Cellular Jail toi ko' "Black Waters" nowonsoi ontok 1896 id Pulau Ross, somboogian mantad Rantayan Pulau Andaman. Ontok gulu 1858, ginuno o pulau diti sabaagi do tana jajahan panjara British montok manahan politik di nokotoguang hukuman panjara solinaid poimpasi.^[14]
Tapak tinungkusan Buddha Pavurallakonda, Thotlakonda om Bavikonda ii poingiliu pointongkop do pantai Teluk Bengal id Visakhapatnam id India.
Konark nopo nga walai kumaa Kuil Tadau toi ko' Pagoda Oitom. Tiiyonon mokiumolig do Brahman diti nopo nga winonsoi mantad do granit oitom ontok pintangaan 1200 AD om noisytihar sabaagi Tapak Tinungkusan Pomogunan.
Kuil Jagannath id Puri nopo nga iso mantad tiyonon tobitua id suang ziarah Hindu miampai no do pantai Puri id tebing Teluk Bengal. Pinungaranan o Mahhodadhi kopihondot do Lord Jagannath.
Kuil Ramanathaswamy nopo nga id Dhanushkodi, tiyonon do Teluk Benggala om Teluk Mannar do miiso.^[15]
Turu Pagoda Mahabalipuram nopo nga ngaran montok Mahabalipuram. Mahabalipuram's Shore Temple, nopo nga Tapak Tinungkusan Pomogunan i nowonsoi ontok abad kuma-8 AD om pinolombus do mitos kiwaa onom kuil suai ii nowonsoi do hiti.
Kuil Sri Vaisakheswara Swamy nopo nga poingiliu duo kilometer mantad pantai Visakhapatnam id siriba do saralom rahat Teluk Bengal. Jurumimboros mantad Longkod Arkeologi Marin Universiti Andhra minomboros do kuil dii nopo kanto nga bertentangan miampai do Coastal Battery.^[16]
Vivekanandar Illam nopo nga nowonsoi ontok toun 1842 mantad di "Raja Ais" Amerika Frederic Tudor montok popoopi om papadagang do ais pointongkod do toun. Ontok toun 1897, syarahan di nointutunan i Swami Vivekananda notoruntip hiti id Castle Kernan. Tiiyonon diti nopo nga nosiliu kopokitanan i poimbida montok di Swami Vivekananda om tinungkusan dau.

Kouyuuyuo gulu

Pantai

Pantai rahat	Tiiyonon
Cox's Bazar	Templat:BAN
Kuakata	Templat:BAN
St. Martin's Island	Templat:BAN
Sonadia	Templat:BAN
Nijhum Dwip	Templat:BAN
Inani Beach	Templat:BAN
Teknaf	Templat:BAN
Patenga	Templat:BAN
Bakkhali Beach, West Bengal	Templat:IND
Digha Beach, West Bengal	Templat:IND
Mandarmoni Beach, West Bengal	Templat:IND
Tajpur Beach, West Bengal	Templat:IND
Shankarpur Beach, West Bengal	Templat:IND
Talasari Beach, Odisha	Templat:IND
Chandipur, Odisha	Templat:IND
Gahirmatha Beach, Odisha	Templat:IND
Astaranga, Odisha	Templat:IND
Chandrabhaga Beach, Konark, Odisha	Templat:IND
Puri, Odisha	Templat:IND
Gopalpur, Odisha	Templat:IND
Baruva, Andhra Pradesh	Templat:IND
Bheemili, Andhra Pradesh	Templat:IND
RK Beach, Visakhapatnam	Templat:IND
Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam	Templat:IND
Yarada, Visakhapatnam	Templat:IND
Perupalem Beach	Templat:IND
Manginapudi Beach, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh	Templat:IND
Mypadu Beach, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh	Templat:IND
Marina Beach, Chennai, Tamil Nadu	Templat:IND
Edward Elliot's Beach, Chennai, Tamil Nadu	Templat:IND
Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu	Templat:IND
Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu	Templat:IND
Silver Beach, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu	Templat:IND
Tuticorin Beach, Tamil Nadu	Templat:IND
Rameswaram Beach, Tamil Nadu	Templat:IND
Velankanni Beach, Tamil Nadu	Templat:IND
Serenity Beach, Pondicherry	Templat:IND
Promenade Beach, Pondicherry	Templat:IND
Radhanagar Beach, Andaman & Nicobar Islands	Templat:IND
Ulee Lheue beach	Indonesia
Alur Nunang Beach	Indonesia
Ngapali	Templat:MYA
Ngwesaung	Templat:MYA
Chaungtha, Pathein	Templat:MYA
Sittwe	Templat:MYA
Casuarina Beach, Jaffna	Templat:SRI
Trincomalee	Templat:SRI
Navaladi Beach, Batticaloa	Templat:SRI

Pulou

Pulou id teluk nopo nga ogumu, kohompit no do Kopulauan Andaman om Kepulauan Nicobar id India. Tinimungan Pulau Cheduba id timur laut, id labus pantai Burma nopo nga osonong tomod montok rangkaian nulu kitapui loupak ii somonu no opurokis.^[17]

Great Andaman nopo nga kopulauan toi ko' tinimungan pulau gulu Kopulauan Andaman, om Kopulauan Ritchie nopo nga mantad pulau-pulau di lobi okoro. Kiwaa 37 toi ko' 6.5% mantad 572 pulou om pulou tokoro id Kopulauan Andaman om Nicobar i noiyanan.^[18]

Isu rentas rontob

Ribut tropika om taufan

Ribut tropika miampai modtongus id siniau do 119 km/j (74 mph) nopo nga lohowon do siklon soira kinintodonon mantad Teluk Benggala om lohowon do taufan id Atlantik.^[19] Id pialatan do 100,000 om 500,000 mogiigiyon do Bangladesh nopo nga napatai id taufan Bhola 1970.

2023: Ribut Siklonik Mocha ii totos notoruk
2021: Ribut Siklonik Totos notoruk Yaas
2020: Nivar Ribut Siklonik Totos Notoruk
2020: Ribut Super Cyclonic Amphan
2019: Bulbul Ribut Siklonik Totos Notoruk
2019:Ribut Siknik Fani di totos notoruk
2018: Ribut Siknik Gaja di totos notoruk
2018: Taufan Titli
2017: Severe Cyclonic Storm Mora
2017: Taufan Maarutha
2016: Ribut Siklon di totos Notoruk Vardah
2016: Cyclone Nada
2016: Cyclone Kyant
2016: Cyclone Roanu
2015: Cyclone Komen
2014: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Hudhud
2013: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin
2013: Cyclone Viyaru
2012: Cyclone Nilam
2011: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane
2010: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Giri
2009: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Aila
2008: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Nargis
2007: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Sidr
2006: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Mala
1999: Odisha Super Cyclonic Storm 05B
1996: Konaseema Cyclone
1991: Super Cyclonic Storm 02B
1989: November Typhoon Gay
1985: May Tropical Storm One (1B)
1982: April Cyclone One (1B)
1982: May Tropical Storm Two (2B)
1982: October Tropical Storm Three (3B)
1981: December Cyclone Three (3B)
1980: October Tropical Storm One (1B)
1980: December Unknown Storm Four (4B)
1980: December Tropical Storm Five (5B)
1977: Andhra Pradesh Cyclone (6B)
1971: Odisha cyclone
1970: Bhola cyclone
The 1864 Calcutta Cyclone: caused a storm surge of 40 feet. Barometer 28.025 inches of mercury. 50,000 direct deaths and 30,000 from disease.^[20]
The Backergunge cyclone of 1876: 10 to 30 or 40 feet storm surge. 100,000 direct deaths and 100,000 indirect from disease.^[20]
The False Point cyclone of 1885: 22 feet of storm surge. Barometer 27.135 inches of mercury.^[20]

Sukuon

↑ "Map of Bay of Benglal- World Seas, Bay of Bengal Map Location – World Atlas". 4 Mansak 2021. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 3 Madas 2013. Linoyog ontok 18 Milau 2011.
↑ Chowdhury, Sifatul Quader (2012). "Bay of Bengal". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 4 Gomot 2016. Linoyog ontok 11 Milau 2015.
↑ "Map of Bay of Benglal- World Seas, Bay of Bengal Map Location – World Atlas". 4 Mansak 2021. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 3 Madas 2013. Linoyog ontok 18 Milau 2011.
↑ Chowdhury, Sifatul Quader (2012). "Bay of Bengal". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 4 Gomot 2016. Linoyog ontok 11 Milau 2015.
↑ Dey, Nundo Lal (1927). Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediæval India (2nd ed.). Luzac & Co. p. 120.
↑ "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), GANGE´TICUS SINUS". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 20 Gumas 2023. Linoyog ontok 6 Gumas 2023.
↑ "Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Gangetĭcus Sinus". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 20 Gumas 2023. Linoyog ontok 6 Gumas 2023.
↑ 1794, Orbis Veteribus Notus by Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville
↑ Chhabra, B.ch (1949). "Epigraphic Indica". p. 57.
↑ Agarwala, Nitin (2020). "The Re-Emergence of the Bay of Bengal". The Journal of Territorial and Maritime Studies. McFarland & Company. 7 (2): 49–73. ISSN 2288-6834. JSTOR jtms.7.2.49.
↑ Mohanty, PC (Milau 2011), Maritime Trade of Ancient Kalinga (PDF), Orissa Review, p. 41, pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 14 Ngiop 2021
↑ Eaton, Richard M. (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. University of California Press. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 6 Momuhau 2022. Linoyog ontok 6 Momuhau 2022.
↑ Chakravorty, Sohini (5 Milatok 2012). "In the lap of Godavari, all the time to sit and stare". The Hindu. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 10 Momuhau 2021. Linoyog ontok 10 Momuhau 2021.
↑ "History of Andaman Cellular Jail: Recapture of Andaman Islands to keep Political Prisoners". AndamanCellularJail.org. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 13 Milatok 2007. Linoyog ontok 6 Magus 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
↑ "Ramayana". Ramayana.com. 16 Magus 2005. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 16 Magus 2005.
↑ Morien Institute – underwater discoveries news archive, January–June 2006, "Sri Vaisakheswara still lies underwater" Archived 14 Ngiop 2006 at the Wayback Machine; accessed 22 January 2007
↑ Templat:EB1911
↑ The long stretch of sand glistening like silver dust URL accessed 10 January 2015
↑ "Forces of Nature—Natural Disaster Fast Facts". National Geographic. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2 Ngiop 2009. Linoyog ontok 30 Magus 2016.
↑ ^20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 Tannehill, Ivan Ray (1969) [First published 1945]. Hurricanes: Their Nature and History: Particularly Those of the West Indies and the Southern Coasts of the United States (6th ed.). Princeton University Press. pp. 38–40. ISBN 978-0-8371-2316-5.

[1] "Map of Bay of Benglal- World Seas, Bay of Bengal Map Location – World Atlas". 4 Mansak 2021. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 3 Madas 2013. Linoyog ontok 18 Milau 2011.

[2] Chowdhury, Sifatul Quader (2012). "Bay of Bengal". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 4 Gomot 2016. Linoyog ontok 11 Milau 2015.

[world-3] "Map of Bay of Benglal- World Seas, Bay of Bengal Map Location – World Atlas". 4 Mansak 2021. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 3 Madas 2013. Linoyog ontok 18 Milau 2011.

[asiatic-4] Chowdhury, Sifatul Quader (2012). "Bay of Bengal". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 4 Gomot 2016. Linoyog ontok 11 Milau 2015.

[5] Dey, Nundo Lal (1927). Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediæval India (2nd ed.). Luzac & Co. p. 120.

[6] "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), GANGE´TICUS SINUS". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 20 Gumas 2023. Linoyog ontok 6 Gumas 2023.

[7] "Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Gangetĭcus Sinus". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 20 Gumas 2023. Linoyog ontok 6 Gumas 2023.

[8] 1794, Orbis Veteribus Notus by Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville

[9] Chhabra, B.ch (1949). "Epigraphic Indica". p. 57.

[reemerge-10] Agarwala, Nitin (2020). "The Re-Emergence of the Bay of Bengal". The Journal of Territorial and Maritime Studies. McFarland & Company. 7 (2): 49–73. ISSN 2288-6834. JSTOR jtms.7.2.49.

[11] Mohanty, PC (Milau 2011), Maritime Trade of Ancient Kalinga (PDF), Orissa Review, p. 41, pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 14 Ngiop 2021

[12] Eaton, Richard M. (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. University of California Press. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 6 Momuhau 2022. Linoyog ontok 6 Momuhau 2022.

[13] Chakravorty, Sohini (5 Milatok 2012). "In the lap of Godavari, all the time to sit and stare". The Hindu. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 10 Momuhau 2021. Linoyog ontok 10 Momuhau 2021.

[ACJ.org-14] "History of Andaman Cellular Jail: Recapture of Andaman Islands to keep Political Prisoners". AndamanCellularJail.org. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 13 Milatok 2007. Linoyog ontok 6 Magus 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[15] "Ramayana". Ramayana.com. 16 Magus 2005. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 16 Magus 2005.

[16] Morien Institute – underwater discoveries news archive, January–June 2006, "Sri Vaisakheswara still lies underwater" Archived 14 Ngiop 2006 at the Wayback Machine; accessed 22 January 2007

[EB1911-17] Templat:EB1911

[18] The long stretch of sand glistening like silver dust URL accessed 10 January 2015

[19] "Forces of Nature—Natural Disaster Fast Facts". National Geographic. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2 Ngiop 2009. Linoyog ontok 30 Magus 2016.

[Tannehill-20] 20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 Tannehill, Ivan Ray (1969) [First published 1945]. Hurricanes: Their Nature and History: Particularly Those of the West Indies and the Southern Coasts of the United States (6th ed.). Princeton University Press. pp. 38–40. ISBN 978-0-8371-2316-5.

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