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Vatikan

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article nopo diti nga kokomoi the city-state in Europe. For the city-state's government, see Holy See.
Vatican City State
  • Stato della Città del Vaticano (Italian)
  • Status Civitatis Vaticanae (Latin)
Flag of Vatican City
Flag
Anthem: Inno e Marcia Pontificale (Italian)
"Pontifical Anthem and March"
noicon
National Seal
  • Sigillo dello Stato della Città del Vaticano (Italian)
    Sigillum Status Civitatis Vaticanae (Latin)
National Seal of Vatican City
CapitalVatican City (city-state)
41°54.2′N 12°27.2′E / 41.9033°N 12.4533°E / 41.9033; 12.4533
Boros rasmiItalian[1][2]
National languageItalian (de facto)[lower-alpha 1]
Ugama
Catholicism
(state religion)
DemonimNone (de jure)[4]
Vatican (de facto)
GovernmentUnitary theocratic Catholic elective absolute monarchy[5][6][7][8]
Holy See
• Pope
Francis
Pietro Parolin
Fernando Vérgez Alzaga
Kotinanan perundanganPontifical Commission[lower-alpha 2]
Independence 
from the Kingdom of the Franks and Italy
754 (1270 years ago)
11 February 1929 (95 years ago)
Area
• Total
0.49[lower-alpha 3] km2 (0.19 sq mi) (195th)
Population
• 2023 estimate
764[13] (234th)
• Density
1,559/km2 (4,037.8/sq mi) (2nd)
GDP (PPP)2021 estimate
• Total
€14,859,970
• Per kapita
€19,450.22
Mato tusinEuro (€) (EUR)
Zon timpuUTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (CEST)
Driving sideright[lower-alpha 4]
Calling code+379[lower-alpha 5]
Kod ISO 3166VA
Internet TLD.va
Website
Official website
Vatikan
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Vatican City
CriteriaCultural: i, ii, iv, vi
Reference286
Inscription1984 (8th Session)

Negara Bandar Vatikan (boros Itali: Città del Vaticano) bopo iso pogun id nosorilian do bandar raya Rom id Itali. Vatikan nogi diti nga oilaan sabaagi pogun di kiwaa kalaaban tana di okoro iri no tu soginumu 44 ikar om kiwaa mogigion soginumu 1000 tulun.[6] Pogun Vatikan nopo diti nga nolodi antakan 1929 maya Pibatosan Latera mantad di momorinta Itali om Taktha Osundu,[14] gana kuasa kumaa mazhab do Roman Katolik om Timur mantad poingongkop do pogun id nolodi mantad po di kotimpuunon do ugama Kristian. Pogun Vatikan nogi nga oilaan sabaagi longkod kotoinaan Gereja Roman Katolik sompomogunan.

Kopomorintaan

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Luguan Pomorinta

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Paus nopo nga luguan kumaa Pogun Vatikan maya do ex officio,[15] id hinombo kiwaa tonggungan sabaagi do biskop luguan keuskupan Rom. Kopomorotian do istilah "Takhta Osundu (Takhta Suci)" id kiwaa pionitan kumaa tongungan disio nopo nga amu sumuku kumaa pogun do Vatikan nga kumaa do kopomorintaan do kepaderian om kerohanian Paus id minaan poindalano' maya Kuria Rom.[16] Ngaran Kapamalahawan nopo disio nga miboyo kumaa tonggungan disio id Pogun Vatikan iri no tu Sovrano dello Stato della Città del Vaticano ("Luguan Pogun, Pogun Vatikan").

Piromutan miampai labus

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Pogun nopo diti nga nakaanu kookunan id siriba kooturan-kooturan antarabansa, nga Takhta Osundu no i manarampos piromutan diplomatikmontok puru dau suai ko'piromutan gana kuasa di sondii i sinumuang do pibatasan antarabansa. Mantad dii, aiso o koumatan diplomatik sondii do pogun diti.

Kota Vatikan nopo nga iso mantad pogun i au kaanu manahak tionon kumaa kedutaan gama okuri tionon. Kedutaan-kedutaan songkosuayan Takhta Osundu nopo nga hilo id kota Rom.

Ginayo do Kota Vatikan nopo nga aiso pionitan miampai rahung tagayo Takhta Osundu sabaagi iso entiti di misuai om tinuridong lobi osopung mantad pogun dii.[17] Sundung do ingkaa, humompit ii id suang kotinanan antarabansa pointantu i kitonggungan tumanud do geografi toisoiso kinoyonon sabaagi puru poinggonop toi ko' puru mogigintong, ii no:[18][19]

Wilayah

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Rangkuman wilayah Kota Vatikan kohompit no Dataran Santo Peter, Basilika Santo Peter, Istana Apostolik om suusuai po. Wilayah nopo diti nga nosorilian do iso tembok ii nogi piolitan anatarabansa do Kota Vatikan om pogun Itali.

Demografi

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Kewarganegaraan

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Kewarganegaraan nopo pogun diti nga au poingimpou do jus sanguinis (kosusuon do mamasok toisoiso pogun sundung id labus pogun dii) om nogi jus soli (kosusuon id pogun dii) nga maya jus officii, ii no maya penjawatan karaja id suang tinori koobian kumaa Takhta Osundu. Koubasanan nopo, olimpupusan o status kewarganegaraan diti ini kalapas aawi koobian dau. Kewarganegaraan nga milo nogi potilombuson kumaa koruhang, molohing om sakag miampai syarat poingion yolo miampai di mongingigit kewarganegaraan dii.[21][22] Minapalabus o Takhta Osundu do pasport koobian om diplomatik. Kota Vatikan nopo nga lobi kumaa papalabus pasport koubasan kumaa mamasok dau.

Isai-isai nopo i noidu kewarganegaraan Vatikan miampai aiso kewarganegaraan suai nga osiliu mamasok Itali smiagal di nokomoi id Pibatasan Lateran.[23]

Kiwaa 558 tulun i haro kewarganegaraan Vatikan kaampai no i Paus sondii om soginumu 246 tulun i poingion id pogun dii i aiso kewarganegaraan gisom 31 Momuhau 2005.

74% mantad 557 mamasok nopo diii nga kukumaraja gereja:

  • 58 tulun kardinal i poingion id kota Rom, kogumuan id labus kinoyonon Vatikan;
  • 293 tulun paado, puru misi diplomatik Takhta Osundu i poingion id pogun suai, mombontuk sampapas ginumu mogigion pogun dii.
  • 62 tulun paado suai i kumaraja montok Kota Vatikan nga okon ko poingion no id pogun dii.

101 puru Pengawal Swiss mombontuk 18% ototongkop mogigion Vatikan, om kiwaa 55 no tulun toomod suai i kiwaa kewarganegaraan Vatikan.[24][25]

Sukuon

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  1. ↑ Reuters Staff (6 October 2014). "Pope ditches Latin as official language of Vatican synod". Reuters. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 4 April 2023. Linoyog ontok 23 May 2023.
  2. ↑ "What language is spoken at the Vatican?". Visiting The Vatican. 13 April 2023. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 5 November 2023. Linoyog ontok 5 November 2023.
  3. ↑ Solemn oath of the Vatican Swiss guards. 6 May 2014. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 11 December 2021 – via YouTube.
  4. ↑ "Vatican City :: Italy Explained". Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 29 May 2023. Linoyog ontok 2 February 2023.
  5. ↑ "Internet Portal of Vatican City State". Vatican City State. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 24 May 2011. Linoyog ontok 9 July 2011.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Holy See (Vatican City)". CIA—The World Factbook. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2019-01-10. Linoyog ontok 2018-02-12.
  7. ↑ Robbers, Gerhard (2006) Encyclopedia of World Constitutions Archived 29 Ngiop 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-81606078-8. p. 1009
  8. ↑ Nick Megoran (2009) "Theocracy" Archived 4 Magus 2020 at the Wayback Machine, p. 226 in International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, vol. 11, Elsevier ISBN 978-0-08-044911-1
  9. ↑ "Legislative and Executive Bodies". Vatican City State. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 24 May 2011. Linoyog ontok 17 April 2022.
  10. ↑ Pope John Paul II (26 November 2000). "Fundamental Law of Vatican City State" (PDF). Vatican City State. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 26 February 2008. Linoyog ontok 17 April 2022.
  11. ↑ De Agostini Atlas Calendar Archived 3 Mahas 2020 at the Wayback Machine, 1930, p. 99. (id Italian)
  12. ↑ De Agostini Atlas Calendar Archived 3 Mahas 2020 at the Wayback Machine, 1945–1946, p. 128. (id Italian)
  13. ↑ "Population" (id boros Itali). Vatican City State. 16 March 2024. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 17 May 2020. Linoyog ontok 16 March 2024.
  14. ↑ "Preamble of the Lateran Treaty" (PDF).
  15. ↑ One of the titles of the Pope listed in the Annuario Pontificio is "Sovereign of Vatican City State" (page 23* in recent editions).
  16. ↑ "Code of Canon Law: text – IntraText CT".
  17. ↑ The Holy See and Diplomacy, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Archived 21 Mikat 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ Vatican City State: Participation in International Organizations Archived 10 Madas 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ See also appendix at end of Bilateral Relations of the Holy See. vatican.va
  20. ↑ "Membership Vatican City State". Interpol. Linoyog ontok 5 June 2012.
  21. ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (7 Mahas 1992). "Law on Citizenship and Residence, 7 June 1992". Unhcr.org. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 17 Madas 2011. Linoyog ontok 15 Gumas 2010.
  22. ↑ "Cittadinanza vaticana". Vatican.va. 31 December 2001. Linoyog ontok 15 October 2010.
  23. ↑ "Patti Lateranensi". vatican.va. Linoyog ontok 6 November 2013.
  24. ↑ "Vatican citizenship". Holy See Press Office. Linoyog ontok 3 December 2006.
  25. ↑ "Law Now Allows for Vatican Residents: 1929 Code Replaced". ZENIT. Innovative Media, Inc. 2 March 2011. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 23 June 2011. Linoyog ontok 2 March 2011.

Pambasaan potilombus

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  • Shaw, Tamsin, "Ethical Espionage" (review of Calder Walton, Spies: The Epic Intelligence War Between East and West, Simon and Schuster, 2023, 672 pp.; and Cécile Fabre, Spying Through a Glass Darkly: The Ethics of Espionage and Counter-Intelligence, Oxford University Press, 251 pp., 2024), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXXI, no. 2 (8 February 2024), pp. 32, 34–35. "[I]n Walton's view, there was scarcely a US covert action that was a long-term strategic success, with the possible exception of intervention in the Soviet-Afghan War (a disastrous military fiasco for the Soviets) and perhaps support for the anti-Soviet Solidarity movement in Poland." (p. 34.)

Noputan labus

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