Intaai wowonod montok do Toun Wagu Sina

{{Short description|Traditional Chinese holiday}}
{{About|the festival observed on the traditional Chinese calendar|similar observances in other cultures, including a list of culture-specific articles|Lunar New Year}}
{{Copy edit|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name  = Chinese New Year
| image         = {{photomontage
| photo1a = Kung Hei Fat Choi! (6834861529).jpg
| photo2a = HK SKD TKO Lohas Park Chinese New Year couplets red January 2022 Px3 01.jpg
| photo2b = ChineseNewYearBostonLionDance1.jpg
| photo3a = Firecrackers (4393679141).jpg
| photo3b = Red lanterns on display during Chinese New Year in San Francisco.jpg
| photo4a = HK 上環 Sheung Wan 信德中心 商場 Shun Tak Centre mall Chinese New Year red pocket envelopes February 2019 IX2.jpg
| photo4b = Binondo Dragon Dance.jpg
| spacing                   = 1
| color_border              = white
| color                     = white
| size                      = 280
}}
| caption       = '''Clockwise from the top:''' [[Fireworks]] over [[Victoria Harbour]] in [[Hong Kong]]; [[lion dance]] in [[Boston Chinatown]]; red lanterns on display; complex patterns woven at [[dragon dance]] in [[Binondo, Manila]]; [[red envelopes]]; [[firecrackers]] exploding; and [[spring couplet]]
| significance = Commemoration of the beginning of a [[New Year|new year]] on the traditional [[lunisolar calendar|lunisolar]] [[Chinese calendar]]
| nickname      = Spring Festival, Lunar New Year
| observedby    = [[Chinese people]] and [[Sinophone]] communities<ref>{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2712567.stm |title = Asia welcomes lunar New Year |publisher=BBC |date = 1 February 2003 |access-date = 7 November 2008 }}</ref>
| date          = First day of the first Chinese lunisolar month
| date{{LASTYEAR}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=last|cite=no}}
| date{{CURRENTYEAR}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=current|cite=no}}
| date{{NEXTYEAR}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=next|cite=no}}
| type          = Cultural
| frequency     = Annual
| longtype      = [[Culture of China|Cultural]]<br />[[Religion in China|Religious]]<br />([[Chinese folk religion]], [[Mahayana Buddhism|Buddhist]], [[Confucianism|Confucian]], [[Taoist]], some [[Christianity in China|Christian]] communities)
| relatedto     = [[Lantern Festival]] and [[#Festivities outside China|similar celebrations in other Asian cultures]]
| celebrations  = [[Lion dance]]s, [[dragon dance]]s, fireworks, family gathering, family meal, visiting friends and relatives, giving [[red envelope]]s, decorating with ''[[chunlian]]'' couplets
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Spring Festival (Chinese characters).svg
| piccap = "Chinese New Year" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
| picupright = 0.45
| t = {{linktext|春節}}
| s = {{linktext|春节}}
| l = "Spring Festival"
| p = Chūn jié
| bpmf = ㄔㄨㄣ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄐㄧㄝˊ
| w = Ch'un<sup>1</sup> chieh<sup>2</sup>
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|ch|un|1|-|j|ie|2}}
| wuu = Tshen tsiq
| j = Ceon1 zit3
| y = Chēun jit
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|c|eon|1|-|z|it|3}}
| poj = Chhun cheh
| tl = Tshun tseh
| order = ts
| altname = Agricultural Calendar New Year
| t2 = 農曆新年
| s2 = 农历新年
| p2 = Nónglì xīnnián
| altname3 = Traditional Chinese New Year
| t3 = 中國傳統新年
| s3 = 中国传统新年
| p3 = Zhōngguó chuántǒng xīnnián
| tp = Chun jié
| tp2 = Nóng-lì sin-nián
| w2 = Nung<sup>2</sup>-li<sup>1</sup> hsin<sup>1</sup>-nien<sup>2</sup>
| mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|n|ong|2|.|l|i|4|-|x|in|1|.|n|ian|2}}
| bpmf2 = ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
| tp3 = Jhongguó chuán-tǒng sin-nián
| w3 = Chung<sup>1</sup>-kuo<sup>2</sup> ch’uan<sup>2</sup>-tong<sup>3</sup> hsin<sup>1</sup>-nien<sup>2</sup>
| mi3 = {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|.|g|uo|2|-|ch|uan|2|.|t|ong|3|-|x|in|1|.|n|ian|2}}
| bpmf3 = ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄨㄢˊ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
}}

'''Toun Wagu Sina''', toi ko' ointutunan nogi sabaagi '''Karamayan Timpu Bunga''' (intangai nogi § Names), nopo nga karamayan i manaandak koimpuunon toun wagu tumanud kalendar lunisolar tradisional Sina. Panakatanda nolimpupusan no timpu tosogit om mimpuun no timpu bunga, koindalan o karamayan diti mantad Sodop Toun Wagu Sina, ii nosodop pogulu tadau koiso toun wagu, gisom do Karamayan Tanglung, i pohoroon ontok tadau ko-15 toun dii. Tadau koiso do Toun Wagu Sina mimpuunn ontok wulan wagu id pialatan 21 Milatok om 20 Mansak.{{Efn|And in extremely rare cases, 21 February, such as in 2319, which would be the first occurrence since the 1645 calendar reform.<ref name="Aslaksen">{{cite web |first=Helmer |last=Aslaksen |title=The Mathematics of the Chinese Calendar |url=https://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/calendar/cal.pdf |date=July 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821170722/https://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/calendar/cal.pdf |archive-date=21 August 2016}}</ref>}}

Toun Wagu Sina nopo nga iso mantad karamayan bobos oponsol id suang koubasanan Sina. Mamarahung ii karamayan i kaagal-agal id suang koubasaan suai ii sukuon maya kolektif sabaagi Toun Wagu Lunar, miagal do Losar id Tibet, Tết id Vietnam, Seollal id Korea, Shōgatsu id Jipun om Toun Wagu Ryukyu.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yeung |first1=Jessie |title=Is it Chinese New Year or Lunar New Year? Depends who you ask |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/28/asia/chinese-lunar-new-year-controversy-intl-hnk/index.html |work=CNN |date=29 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Roy2005">{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IKqOUfqt4cIC&pg=PA320 |title = Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia |last = Roy |first = Christian |publisher = ABC-CLIO |year=2005 |isbn = 978-1-57607-089-5 |page=320 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Lunar New Year Ceremonies Live On in the Okinawa Islands |url = https://www.nippon.com/en/guide-to-japan/gu900081/lunar-new-year-ceremonies-live-on-in-the-okinawa-islands.html |website = nippon.com |access-date = 30 January 2022 |language = en |date = 28 February 2019 }}</ref> .Taandakon nogi o karamayan diti pointongkop pomogunan id kinoyonon om pogun i kiwaa populasi Sina Perantauan toi ko'  moomomoguno boros Sina signifikan, loolobi id Asia Tenggara. Popohompit ii do Singapura.,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese New Year 2011 |url=http://www.visitsingapore.com/festivals-events-singapore/cultural-festivals/chinese-new-year/ |access-date=2 November 2011 |website=VisitSingapore.com}}</ref> Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese New Year Celebrated in Grand Scale in Yangon |url=http://www.mizzima.com/news-domestic/chinese-new-year-be-celebrated-grand-scale-yangon/ |access-date=28 January 2019 |website=Mizzima.com}}</ref> Filipina,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2011 |title=Philippines adds Chinese New Year to holidays |url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/philippines-adds-chinese-holidays-171626435.html |access-date=29 June 2013 |website=Yahoo News Philippines}}</ref> Thailand. Okito nogi karamayan diti id labus Asia, loolobi id Australia, Kanada, Perancis Mauritius,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Festivals, Cultural Events and Public Holidays in Mauritius |url=http://www.tourism-mauritius.mu/en/festivals.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211053530/http://www.tourism-mauritius.mu/en/festivals.html |archive-date=11 February 2016 |access-date=28 January 2012 |publisher=Mauritius Tourism Authority}}</ref> New Zealand, Peru,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peru leads Chinese New Year celebrations in Latin America |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2016-02/15/content_23498211.htm |access-date=18 January 2022 |website=China Daily}}</ref> Afrika Kabaatan, United Kingdom, Amerika Syarikat, om id kogumuan pogun Eropah di suai..<ref>{{cite news |last = Crabtree |first = Justina |title = As the Lunar New Year celebrations begin, CNBC looks at Chinatowns across the world |url = https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/16/lunar-new-year-chinatowns-worldwide.html |publisher = CNBC |date = 16 February 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title = Happy Chinese New Year! The year of the Dog has begun |url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/02/15/when-chinese-new-year/340810002/ |newspaper = USA TODAY |language = en-US }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title = Chinese New Year and its effect on the world economy |url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2015/02/18/chinese-new-year-and-its-effect-world-economy/0HgwjHXjCODvwNdJXZdNQI/story.html |website = BostonGlobe.com }}</ref>

Toun Wagu Sina nopo nga mionit miampai mogisuusuai mitos om adat. Maya tradisional, karamayan nopo diti nga timpu montok mamantang dewa-dewa om nogi aki odu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese New Year |url=http://www.history.com/topics/chinese-new-year |access-date=9 February 2013 |website=History.com}}</ref> Id China, adat om koubasanan kapanaandakan Toun Wagu nop nga mogisuusuai tumanud kinoyonon,<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.ecenglish.com/en/social/blog/brighton/2018/02/16/chinese-new-year-2 |title=The Year of the Dog – Celebrating Chinese New Year 2018 |date = 16 February 2018 |work = EC Brighton |access-date = 13 November 2018 |language = en-US }}</ref> om sodop pogulu Toun Wagu nopo nga kosiwatan montok paganakan Sina do tumimung montok makan totuong sabaagi pirubaan monikid toun.Koubasanan nogi montok monikid paganakan do momorisi walai diolo miampai oinonong, kitudu mongidu nasib au osonong om manahak koiyonon montok nasib di osonong. Iso nopo kagu adat di poindalanon nga monindak do titigaon om totobon miampai karatas aragang om pasangan panandatan (couplets). Tema nointutunan nopo id karatas om pasangan panandatan diti kohompit no kolumaagan toi ko' kataadan, kohoro-horoon om umul anaru. Abaabayan suai kohompit no papaapui bodilan om manahak tusin id suang sampul aragang.

== Ngaran ==
{{See also|Lunar New Year}}
Id suang do boros Sina, karamayan nopo diti nga otutunan sabaagi "Karamayan Timpu Mongusak"<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Lee |first1 = Jonathan H. X. |last2 = Nadeau |first2 = Kathleen M. |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9BrfLWdeISoC&pg=PA312 |title = Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife |year = 2011 |publisher= ABC-CLIO |isbn = 978-0-313-35066-5 |page = 312 |language = en }}</ref> tu' timpu mongusak tumanud do kalendar lunisolar miampai koubasanan nopo nga tumimpuun miampai {{transliteration|zh|[[lichun]]}}, i kumoiso mantad ko' duo nohopod om apat pokomoyon suria i ramayon do karamayan dii maamaso timpu Toun Wagu Sina.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://gbtimes.com/chinese-solar-terms-spring |title = There are 6 Chinese solar terms in spring |website = GBTIMES |access-date = 28 January 2020 |archive-date = 8 April 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190408074526/https://gbtimes.com/chinese-solar-terms-spring |url-status = dead }}</ref> Ngaran diti nopo nga kumoinsan i pinosogu di toun 1914 maya di [[Yuan Shikai]], maamaso dii nopo nga presiden toruhai montok Republik China.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Huang |first1=Alice |title=Lunar New Year explainer: what's with all the lions and lanterns? |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/leisure/article/3046993/how-did-lunar-new-year-festival-arise-and-whats-all-lions |access-date=12 February 2024 |work=South China Morning Post |date=21 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>  Pomogunoon rasmi do "Karamayan Timpu Mongusak" nopo nga pinakakal do kerajaan Republik Rakyat China, nga kerajaan Republik China i poinlongkod i Taiwan nopo nga minonorimo om minomoguno do ngaran "Toun Wagu Sina Tradisional".<ref>{{cite news |script-title=zh:民國政府 曾強廢農曆新年 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20160209001014-260409?chdtv |access-date=12 February 2024 |work=[[China Times]] |date=9 February 2016}}</ref>

Karamayan diti nogi nga lohowon sabaagi "Toun Wagu Lunar", sundung pia kalendar tradisional nopo nga lunisolar, okon ko' [[lunar]]. Hali pia miagal dii, "Toun Wagu Sina" nopo nga kakal do kodolinan i oubas do gunoon montok tulun di aiso sajara paganakan do Sina.<ref name="Origin CNY"/> Miampai do Sina Han id suang om id labus do Greater China, soginumu 29 mantad 55 tinimungan tinaru minoriti id China nogi nga mamaramai do Toun Wagu Sina. [[Korea]], [[Vietnam]], [[Singapura]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]] om [[Filipina]] nopo nga mamaramai do tadau diti sabaagi karamayan rasmi.<ref name="Origin CNY">{{cite web|author1=Haiwang Yuan|title=The Origin of Chinese New Year|url=https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1114&context=dlps_fac_pub|access-date=2 January 2016|pages=3, 6|quotation=...{{nbsp}}it is also called Lunar New Year in Chinese communities all over the world.{{nbsp}}... Chinese outside mainland China still prefer calling it Lunar [New] Year. 'Chinese New Year' is a popular and convenient translation for people of non-Chinese cultural backgrounds. Along with the Han Chinese in and outside China, as many as 29 of the 55 ethnic minority groups in China also celebrate Chinese New Year. Countries like Korea, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia celebrate it as their official festival.}}</ref>

== Tadauwulan id suang kalendar lunisolar Sina ==
{{See also|Chinese calendar}}
[[Fail:Dragon_in_Chinatown_NYC_Lunar_New_Year.jpg|thumb|Perarakan Toun Wagu Sina bobos agayo id labus Asia, hilo Chinatown, Manhattan]]
[[Fail:Chinese_Paper_Cutting.png|thumb|Kopomutulan karatas tradisional miampai karakter 春 ('timpu bunga')]]
[[Fail:Chinese_New_Year_decorations_along_New_Bridge_Road,_Singapore_-_20150215.jpg|thumb|Ponindak Toun Wagu Sina poingompus New Bridge Road id Singapura]]
[[Fail:New_Year_Scene.jpg|thumb|Sodop Toun Wagu Sina id Meizhou ontok 8 Mansak 2005]]

Kalendar Sina nopo nga pinopoilo do wulan lunisor i kisuang do solstis timpu tosogit sabaagi do wulan kohopod om iso, i kirati do Toun Wagu Sina nopo nga koubasan no koontok antakan wulan wagu koduo kalapas do solstis timpu tosogit (ingkuri kopio o kotolu sokiro koindalan o tulan interkalari{{efn|The next occurrence will be in 2033.<ref name="Aslaksen" />}}).<ref name="CentralWeatherBureau">{{cite web|script-title=zh:中國古代歲首分那幾種?各以何為起點?|trans-title=In ancient China, how to decide the starting point of a year?|publisher=[[Central Weather Bureau]]|url=http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V7/knowledge/encyclopedia/as093.htm|language=zh|access-date=26 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912035905/http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V7/knowledge/encyclopedia/as093.htm|archive-date=12 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Aslaksen" /> Id suang do lobi mantad ko 96 piatus toun, Toun Wagu Sina nopo nga wulan wagu i bobos tosomok do kotimpuunon timpu mongusak ({{transliteration|zh|[[lichun]]}}) tumanud do kalendar. Id suang do Gregorian, Toun Wagu Sina nopo nga koindalan maamaso tanak tulan i aratu id pialatan do 21 Milatok om 20 Mansak.<ref name="aslaksen">{{citation | first = Helmer | last = Aslaksen | url = http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/calendar/cal.pdf | title = The Mathematics of the Chinese Calendar | date = 17 July 2010 | publisher = National University of Singapore |page= 31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113172359/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/calendar/cal.pdf |archive-date=13 January 2014}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Gregorian !! Tadauwulan !! Tayam !! Tadau do sominggu
|-
| 2024 || 10 Mansak || [[Naga]] || Kukuak 
|-
| 2025 || 29 Milatok|| [[Tulanut]] || Madsa 
|-
| 2026 || 17 Mansak|| [[Kuda]] || Mirod 
|-
| 2027 || 6 Mansak || [[Kambing]] || Kukuak
|-
| 2028 || 26 Milatok|| [[Kara]] || Madsa
|-
| 2029 || 13 Mansak|| [[Tandaha]] || Mirod
|-
| 2030 || 3 Mansak|| [[Tasu]] || Tiwang
|-
| 2031 || 23 Milatok|| [[Wogok]] || Tadtaru
|-
| 2032 || 11 Mansak || [[Tikus]] || Madsa
|-
| 2033 || 31 Milatok || [[Ox]] || Tontolu
|-
| 2034 || 19 Mansak || [[Rimau]] || Tiwang
|-
| 2035 || 8 Mansak || [[Arbab]] || Tadtaru
|}

== Mitologi ==
[[File:Chinese New Year's poetry.jpg|thumb|Hand-written Chinese New Year's poetry pasted on the sides of doors leading to people's homes, [[Lijiang City|Lijiang]], Yunnan]]
Tumanud do legenda, Toun Wagu Sina nopo nga nokotimpuun miampi tayam mitos i lohowon sabaagi do [[Nian]] (tayam i poingion id saalom do rahat toi ko' id konuluhan) maamaso [[Karamayan Timpu Mongusak]] tounan.<ref name=chan>{{cite book |author1=Chan Sui Jeung |title=Traditional Chinese Festivals and Local Celebrations |date=2001 |publisher=Wan Li Book Company Limited}}</ref><ref name=chan/> Nian nopo nga mangakan do tulun kampung maamaso pitanga tuong, lobi-lobi po tangaanak. Sontoun, toinsanan tulun kampung nopo nga minogiupakat do lumisok mantad Nian dii. Songulun kusai molohing no nokorikot sobolum linumisok o tulun kampung om minooboros do modop isio om monuli do Nian dii. Pinopoili o kusai dii do kalatas taragang om minontutud do bodilan. Suab dau, soira nokoguli o tulun kampung, nokokito yolo do aiso korumbakan id kampung diolo. Nandasan diolo do i nopo kusai totuo dii nga songulun dewa i minongumolig diolo. Potilombus, nakarati o tulun kampung do nokoilo i Yanhuang do nunu korosian do Nian, momoguno do warana taragang om tuni di opuhod.<ref name=chan/> Nokoinlaab o koubasanan dii soira monikid Toun Wagu, momoguno o tulun kampung do rasuk taragang, papasait do tanglung taragang, om skrol taragang id totobon om titigaon, om momoguno do bodilan om gandang montok monompurosi do Nian. Mantad dii, au no koumbal nokorikot i Nian id kampung. Id kolimpupuson, nagamit o Nian di [[Hongjun Laozu]], songulun sami Tao nokodori.<ref>{{cite news |title=保庇有狗讚－這些年 年獸去了哪裡？ |url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E9%80%99%E4%BA%9B%E5%B9%B4-%E5%B9%B4%E7%8D%B8%E5%8E%BB%E4%BA%86%E5%93%AA%E8%A3%A1-070903016.html |access-date=1 January 2023 |work=tw.news.yahoo.com |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref>

== Sajara ==
Pogulu do karamayan toun wagu nokoindalan, tulun Sina laid nopo nga tumimung om mamaramai do kolimpupusan timpu mongomot maamaso timpu magalang. Hali pia miagal dii, iti nopo nga okon ko' [[Karamayan Pintangaan Timpu Magalang]], hinonggo tulun Sina nopo nga tumimung miampai paganakan montok sumamba do tulan. Id suang d Hiis Klasik, iso hiis sinuat maamaso [[Zhou Barat]] (1045 SM - 771 SM) do songulun mororobuat aiso ngaran, pinopokito do koubasanan mamaramai do wulan ko-10 kalendar tadau nokodori, maamaso timpu magalang.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=詩經|chapter=七月|wslanguage=zh|quote=九月肅霜，十月滌場。朋酒斯饗，曰殺羔羊。躋彼公堂，稱彼兕觥。萬壽無疆。}}</ref> Tumanud do hiis dii, momorisi o tongoulun do tapak pinotimbunan do birijin, mogonsok do mijiu (tumpung wagas), mongkorot do kabing om onsokon, mongoi id walai sanganu, monutud do sanganu om momohiok do prospek koposion mogiampai. Karamayan wulan ko-19 dii nopo nga notumbayaan sabagi do iso prototaip Toun Wagu Sina.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/222868770_391422|title=春节起源|website=www.sohu.com}}</ref> Rikud karamayan Toun Wagu Sina i kumoiso nopo nga noilaan maamaso timpu Pogun Misaap (475 - 221 SM). Id [[Lüshi Chunqiu]], id pogun do Qin, upacara mongugad do rogon montok mongidu toruuruol, i lohowon sabaagi do "[[Big Nuo]]", nopo nga nokorikud sabaagi pinoindalan maamaso tadau kotohuri do toun dii.<ref>{{cite wikisource |author=呂不韋 |plainchapter=季冬紀 |title=呂氏春秋 |volume=12 |wslink=呂氏春秋/卷十二 |wslanguage=zh |quote=命有司大儺，旁磔，出土牛，以送寒氣。}}</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource |wslanguage=zh |author=司馬彪 |wslink=後漢書/卷95 |volume=95 |title=後漢書 |plainchapter=禮儀中 |quote=先臘一日，大儺，謂之逐疫。}}</ref> Potilombus, piniiso do Qin o China om nokohimagon o [[dinasti Qin]]ː om nakasasad om ritual dii. Nokoinlaab iti sinumiliu do koubasanan momolidang do walai miampai pointongkop maamaso timpu pogulu do Toun Wagu Sina.

Kinoroitan kumoinsan kokomoi do karamayan maaso kotimpuunon do toun wagu nopo nga nokorikud maamaso [[dinasti Han]] (202 SM - 220 AD0. Id suang do buuk Simin Yueling, i sinuat di surupu agronomi Han Timur, i Cui Sin, nokotolinahas o iso karamayanː "Tadau kotimpuunon do wulan kumoiso, lohowon sabaagi do Zheng Ri. Minogoit oku do sawo om tangaanak ku, montok sumamba do komolohingan om momuhondom do tapa ku. "Potilombus, minonuat isio doː "Tangaanak, sawo, mangaki om mangaki potilombus nopo nga poposurung do wain lado kumaa molohing diolo, momonsoi ruti linugu om manambayang do kolidasan molohing diolo. Iti nopo nga pongintangan di nokoburu."<ref>{{cite wikisource |author=崔寔 |title=四民月令 |wslanguage=zh |quote=正月之旦，是謂正日。躬率妻孥，絜祀祖禰...子、婦、孫、曾，各上椒酒於其家長，稱觴舉壽，欣欣如也。}}</ref> Koubasan sumamba do komolohingan maamaso Karamayan Toun Wagu nopo nga nakaanu do pinakakal do tulun Sina gisom timpu baino.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chinese New Year |website=History.com |date=20 April 2023 |quote=Ritual sacrifices of food and paper icons were offered to gods and ancestors. |url=https://www.history.com/topics/holidays/chinese-new-year}}</ref>

Sina Han nogi nga minongimpuun do koubasanan tumombului do walai tambalut om mamason do kotobian tadau wagu miampai diolo. Id suang do ''[[Book of the Later Han]]'', jilid 27, songulun pagawai watas nopo nga nokorikud do tinumombului do walai songulun mongungumolig disio miampai do setiausaha karajaan, makan miampai dau om mamarayou do merit mongungumolig dii.<ref>{{cite wikisource |trans-title=Book of the Later Han |title=後漢書 |volume=27 |wslink=後漢書/卷27#吳良 |wslanguage=zh |plainchapter=吳良 |quote=歲旦與掾史入賀，門下掾王望舉觴上壽，謅稱太守功德。}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Lunar New Year: Rituals and Legends |url=http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/china_general_lunar.htm |website=Asia for Educators, Columbia University |quote=On New Year's Day and for the next several days, people still follow the custom of exchanging visits — with close relatives first, then with distant relatives and friends. Traditionally, the order of these visits also began with the eldest, and the first day was usually devoted to paternal family relatives.}}</ref>

Maamaso do [[Dinasti Jin]] (266–420), tinimpuun do tulun o koubasanan Toun Wagu montok rumamai poingompus do totuong, i lohowon sabaagi do {{transliteration|zh|shousui}} ({{Lang|zh-hant|守歲}}). Iti nopo nga potolinahason id suang do artikel umum do Jin Barat [[Zhou Chu]] {{transliteration|zh|Fengtu Ji}} ({{Lang|zh-hant|風土記}}, 'Nuut Mongintutun do Kowoowoyoon Songkinoyonon'): "Id kolimpupuson do toun, manahak o tulun do tutungkap om mamason do kopisanangan kumaa toinsanan, lohowon sabaagi do {{transliteration|zh|Kuisui}} ({{Lang|zh-hant|饋歲}}, 'timpu montok tutungkap'); mangalap do tulun suai momoguno do tiinumon om taakanon, lohowon sabaagi do {{transliteration|zh|Biesui}} ({{Lang|zh-hant|別歲}}, 'papaatod toun'); Totuong toun wagu, tulun ginumuan nopo nga pointungag poingompus do totuong gisom koulai o tadau, lohowon sabaagi do {{transliteration|zh|Shousui}} ({{Lang|zh-hant|守歲}}, 'manamong toun')."<ref>{{cite wikisource |author=周處 |title=風土記 |wslanguage=zh |quote=蜀之風俗，晚歲相與饋問，謂之饋歲。酒食相邀為別歲。至除夕，達旦不眠，謂之守歲。}}</ref> Rencana diti nopo nga momoguno do frasa {{transliteration|zh|chuxi}} ({{Lang|zh|除夕}}) montok popokito do Totuong Toun Wagu—frasa i kakal po gunoon gisom timpu baino.

Buuk [[Dinasti Koibutan om Kabaatan]] {{transliteration|zh|[[Jingchu Suishiji]]}} nopo nga popotolinahas do koubasanan popokobong do poring id timpu kosuabon do Toun Wagu,<ref>{{cite wikisource |author=宗懍 |title=荊楚歲時記 |wslanguage=zh |quote=正月一日，是三元之日也，謂之端月。鷄鳴而起。先於庭前爆竹，以辟山臊惡</ref> sabaagi do koubasanan Toun Wagu Sina tradisi Tahun Baru' cina. Momuhiis om canselor [[dinasti Tang]], Lai Gu, nogi nga pinopokito do koubasanan suai id suang do hiis ''Awal Musim Bunga'' ({{lang|zh|早春}}): "{{lang|zh-hant|新曆才將半紙開，小亭猶聚爆竿灰}}", i kirati do "Insan kawagu toun wagu i nokotimpuun nogi sabaagi sampapas pongukaban do kalatas, om mogitiitimung o paganakan id posorili do abus torigi poring di nokokobong."<ref>{{cite wikisource |author=来鵠 |title=萬首唐人絶句 (四庫全書本) |plainchapter=早春 | wslink=萬首唐人絶句(四庫全書本)/七言卷49#早春 |wslanguage=zh |quote=新曆才將半紙開，小庭猶聚爆竿灰。偏憎楊柳難鈐轄，又惹東風意緒來。}}</ref> Gunoon do tulun Sina o koubasanan diti montok monompurosi do sunduan taraat, tu' poring nopo nga agangau om lumoput soira otimbak.

Maamaso do timpu [[Dinasti Tang]], pinopoimagon o tulun ginumuan do koubasanan papaato {{transliteration|zh|bai nian tie}} ({{Lang|zh|新肖之典}}, "pason Toun Wagu"), noroitan do Pason Toun Wagu nopo nga adat i tinimpuunan do [[Maharaja Taizong dari Tang]]. Minonuat i maharaja "{{Lang|zh-hant| perayaan sejagat}}" ("pointongkop pogun mamarayau") id roun amas om pinaatod diolo kumaa montiri-montiri gisom nakaralad, om nosiliu do koubasanan tulun ginumuan, i momoguno do [[kalatas Xuan]] om okon no di ko' roun amas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https:// www.chinanews .com/cul/2014/02-07/5808446.shtml|title=Festival Musim Bunga Purba: Prototaip Tempoh Musim Bunga dan Musim Luruh dan Zaman Negara-negara Berperang" ialah karya asli Festival Musim Bunga =Berita Budaya Baharu|via=www.chinanews.com|date=2014 -02-07}}</ref> Teori suai nopo nga {{transliteration|zh|bai nian tie}} mantad do tanda' ngaran dinasti Han, {{transliteration|zh|men zhuang}} ({{Lang|zh-hant|門狀}}, "pongukaban totobon"). Soira [[poniisan empayar]] nokosiliu do oponsol om nokodimpot do timpu karayahan diolo id siriba do dinasti Tang, calon-calon nopo nga manu sumiliu do mokiikinobos i pantangon montok maganu do surat sogu. Kalapas kaanu do marka poniisan di tosonong, rumikot id walai do mongingia' i tangaanak miampai {{transliteration|zh|men zhuang}} montok mongounsikou kumaa diolo. Id kotohuri, kosiliu o {{transliteration|zh|men zhuang}} sabaagi simbol tuah, om tumimpuun no o tulun ginumuan do papaatod kumaa tambalut diolo maamaso Tadau Toun Wagu, momolohou diolo momoguno do ngaran wagu. {{transliteration|zh|bai nian tie}}. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinanews.com/cul/2011/01-30/2822655.shtml|title=古人拜年常用"拜年帖"|work=半岛晨报|via=www.chinanews.com|tarikh =2011-01-30}}</ref>

[[File:Spring couplets written by Qianlong Emperor of Qing dynasty.png|thumb|Kuplet timpu mongusak i sinuat di [[Maharaja Qianlong]] mantad [[dinasti Qing]], baino nopo nga poingopi id [[Muzium Istana]]]]

{{transliteration|zh|[[Antithetical couplet|Chunlian]]}} (Spring Couplets) nopo nga sinuat di [[Meng Chang]], songulun maharaja [[Later Shu]] (935–965 AD), maamaso [[Timpu Limo Dinasti om Hopod Kerajaan]]：("Momurimon do tinungkusan pogulu maamaso toun wagu, tadau koundarangan mangaga do timpu mongusak di alaid do katahan"). Miagal di pinotolinahas do pegawai dinasti Song Zhang Tangying id suang do buuk disido {{transliteration|zh|Shu Tao Wu}}, Jilid 2: maamaso tadau Totuong Toun Wagu, sinuhu di maharaja o ulama Xin Yinxun montok monuat do bait-bait id kayu pic om posoiton id totobon do toodopon di maharaja.<ref>{{cite wikisource |author=張唐英 |title=蜀檮杌 |volume=2 |wslink=蜀檮杌/卷下 |wslanguage=zh |quote=蜀未亡前一年歲除日，昶令學士辛寅遜題桃符板於寢門，以其詞工，昶命筆自題云：「新年納餘慶，嘉節賀長春。」}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Love of Chinese Language Expressed in Couplets |url=http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/english/culture/2016-12/01/content_731752.htm |quote=The earliest known couplet was written at Spring Festival 964 by the King of Later Shu. It said: "The New Year is bathed in forefathers' blessings; the joyous festival promises everlasting youth and wealth."}}</ref> Kotumbayaan do popoiliu do kuplet id totobon do walai maamaso tadau-tadau pogulu toun wagu nopo nga nakasasad maamaso [[Dinasti Song]]. Sinding Koibutan do surupu pulitik, sastarawan, surupu falsafah om momohiis [[Wang Anshi]] i otutunan do monuat koubasanan id suang do hiis disio, ("Tadau Toun Wagu").<ref>{{cite web|title=Chinese Couplets History, Categories & Quotable Examples|date=9 March 2019 |url=https://medium.com/@Pandarow/chinese-couplets-history-categories-quotable-examples-du%C3%ACli%C3%A1n-7c2c9702c35c |quote=The famous poet Wang Anshi (1021–1086) in Northern Song Dynasty even created a poem to depict the spectacular scene of pasting Spring Festival couplets, called New Year's Day (《元日》 [yuán rì]).}}</ref>

{{Verse translation|lang=zh-hant|italicsoff=y|
爆竹聲中一歲除，
春風送暖入屠蘇。
千門萬戶曈曈日，
總把新桃換舊符。
|Id taatanga do tuni bodilan maamaso koompokon do toun,
Tongus timpu mongusak nopo nga manahak do pinuhobo talasu kumaa wain [[Toso|Tusu]]
Om nulinau do tadau mamabang do monikid walai,
Taamon do tulun ginumuan o bait-bait laid om papasang do wagu.
|attr1=[[王安石]], 元日
|attr2=[[Wang Anshi]], Tadau Toun Wagu}}

[[File:鞭炮 "Gunpowder Whip".png|thumb|Bodilan do Sina]]

Hiis ''Yuan Ri'' nogi nga kisuang do hogot ''bao zhu'' ("nokokobong o poring"), i notumbayaan sabaagi sukuon kumaa bodilan, okon ko' koubasanan do popokobong do poring di pogulu po, koduo-duo nopo nga miagal pamalahawan id boros Sina. Kalapas do nowonsoi serbuk mesiu id suang do dinasti Tang om noguno miampai alaab id siriba do [[dinasti Song]], ogumu tulun minonimban do koubasanan monimbak do poring miampai monuang do poring dii momoguno do serbuk mesiu, i kaanu papaasil do koloputon di lobi opuhod. Id siriba do Lagu, ogumu tulun papataam do poring om tumimpuun do momoguno kalatas montok momolopot do serbuk mesiu id suang do silinder, sabaagi momit kumaa do poring. Kakal po lohowon o bodilan dii do ''bao zhu'', mantad dii, kopiagal o koubasanan wagu om laid. Norikud nogi iti do piungkoniton do tulun o bodilan miampai tali rami om momonsoi do ''bian pao'' (gunoon gisom baino montok mamaramai do Toun Wagu Sina om karamayan-karamayan di suai).<ref>{{cite web |last1=周 |first1=廣玲 |title=宋代人怎样过年：大抵与今人相似 |url=http://www.chinanews.com/cul/2011/02-09/2829590.shtml |publisher=Guangzhou Daily |date=9 February 2011}}</ref>

Maamaso do [[dinasti Song]], tumimpuun no tulun ginumuan do manahak tusin kumaa tangaanak diolo montok mamaramai do toun wagu. Lohowon o tusin diti sabaagi do ''sui nian qian'' ("tusin tumanud do umul"). Id suang do bab diti, "Kolimpupuson Sontoun" id suang do ''Wulin jiushi'', gundik maharaja nopo nga popotounda do hatus duo nohopod tusin syiling montok putera om puteri montok manambayang do konoruon umul.<ref>{{cite wikisource |author=周密 |title=武林舊事 |volume=3 |wslink=武林舊事/卷三 |wslanguage=zh
|quote=后妃諸閣，又各進歲軸兒及珠翠百事、吉利市袋兒、小樣金銀器皿，並隨年金錢一百二十文。}}</ref>

Karamayan Toun Wagu nopo nga potilombuson id siriba do [[dinasti Yuan]], soira tulun ginumuan nogi nga papatahak do ''[[nian gao]]'' ("kui toun") kumaa koompinayan.<ref>{{cite wikisource |author=熊夢祥 |title=析津志辑佚 |wslanguage=zh |quote=車馬紛紜於街衢、茶坊、酒肆，雜遝交易至十三日，人家以黃米為糍糕，饋遺親戚，歲如常。}}</ref>

Koubasanan mangakan do ladu Sina ''[[jiaozi]]'' nopo nga nokohimagon, bobos talaid nopo nga maamaso id siriba do [[Dinasti Ming]]. Nokotolinahas iti id suang do buuk ''Youzhongzhi]]'':"Mosik o tulun ginumuan antakan do 5 kosuabon maamaso do toun wagu, montutud do kemenyan om monutud do bodilan, papataan do pongunsian totobon toi ko' kayu bar id tawan soginumu intolu, monginum do lado om wain thuja, mangakan do ladu om popoiliu do iso toi ko' duo tusin perak id suang do ladu, isai i kaanu nopo nga kodimpot do rezeki antakan toun dii."<ref>{{cite wikisource |author=劉若愚 |title=酌中志 |wslanguage=zh |volume=20 |quote=正月初一五更起，焚香放紙炮，將門閂或木杠於院地上拋擲三度，名曰「跌千金」。飲椒柏酒，吃水點心，即「扁食」也。或暗包銀錢一二於內，得之者以卜一年之吉。}}</ref> Tulun Sina di nokoburu nogi nga popoiliu do taakanon suang i kikuah id suang do ladu miagal do kurma, i kaanu mangaga do toun wagu i koburu kopio; gula-gula, i mangaga do tadau-tadau tosonong; om ''[[nian go]]'' ("kek toun"), i mangaga do koposion di kiharo-haro.

Id suang do [[dinasti Qing]], ngaran ''ya sui qian''("Tusin Toun Wagu") nopo nga tusin i patahakon kumaa tangaanak maamaso do Toun Wagu. Buuk ''Qing Jia Lu'' pinoporikud: "molohing nopo nga manahak do tusin i kinagasan do tali taragang kumaa tangaanak diolo, om tusin dii nopo nga lohowon sabaagi do ''Ya Sui Qian''."<ref>{{cite book |author=顾禄 |title=清嘉錄 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/02098926.cn/page/n66/mode/2up |chapter=遞貢望 |quote=長者貽小兒以朱繩綴百錢，謂之壓歲錢；置橘、荔諸果於枕畔、謂之壓歲果子。元旦睡覺時食之，取讖于吉利，為新年休征。}}</ref> Kowoowoyoon diti nogi nga kakal po gunoon do tulun Sina timpu baino. Tusin diti nopo nga tahakon maya duo walan: kagasan o tusin id tali taragang toi ko' tusin taparak id suang do sampul mogikaakawo warana.<ref name="hebao">{{cite web |title=皇帝也有「壓歲錢」可領內容物曝光 |author=邱建一 |date=24 January 2020 |url=https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=678143 |quote=皇帝領到的壓歲錢的內容是這樣的：「賜皇上之荷包，乃黃緞繡五彩加金，繡有歲歲平安四字，內裝金銀錢、金銀錁子、金銀八寶各一個（各五分重），口上插一小金如意，約二吋許。上鏨連年如意四字。」|archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726223705/https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=678143 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Maamaso toun 1928, parti pomorinta [[Kuomintang]] nopo nga mingotus do Toun Wagu Sina nopo nga ramayon antakan 1 Milatok id suang do Kalendar Gregorian, nga nosimbanan iti gama do ogumu mangada. Antakan di toun 1967, maamaso [[Revolusi Koubasanan]], karamayan Toun Wagu Sina nopo nga nantaban miampai rasmi id China. Majlis Pogun Republik China nopo nga pinopoilo do nuru o tulun ginumuan do "monimban koubasanan" om papaharo do "Karamayan Timpu Mongusak". Gama do ogumu tulun ginumuan di nuru kumaraja maamaso totuong Toun Wagu Sina, au yolo minog do tadau koundarangan maamaso Karamayan Timpu Mongusak. Maamaso di toun 1980, karamayan Toun Wagu Sina di koubasanan nopo nga pinotonduli kawagu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newschinamag.com/magazine/the-new-year-that-wasnt |title=The New Year That Wasn't |last1=Huang |first1=Wei |last2=Xie |first2=Ying |date=January 2012 |website=NewsChina |publisher=NewsChinaMagazine |access-date=24 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224083413/http://www.newschinamag.com/magazine/the-new-year-that-wasnt |archive-date=24 February 2015 }}</ref>

== Nuut ==
{{notelist}}

== Sukuon ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliografi ==
* {{cite book|last=Welch|first= Patricia Bjaaland |year=1997|title= Chinese New Year|url=https://archive.org/details/chinesenewyear00welc|url-access=registration|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|isbn= 978-0-19-587730-4 }}

== Noputan labus ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}