Pergi ke kandungan

Melbourne

Simbanai noputan
Coordinates: 37°48′51″S 144°57′47″E / 37.81417°S 144.96306°E / -37.81417; 144.96306
Mantad Wikipedia
article nopo diti nga kokomoi the Australian metropolitan area. For other uses, see Melbourne (disambiguation).

Melbourne
Naarm (Woiwurrung)
Naarm (Boonwurrung)
Victoria
Melbourne skyline
Melbourne skyline om Kings Domain
Flinders Street Station
Flinders Street Station
Shrine of Remembrance
Shrine of Remembrance
Melbourne Cricket Ground
Melbourne Cricket Ground
Royal Exhibition Building
Royal Exhibition Building
Melbourne CBD and Princes Bridge
Melbourne CBD om Princes Bridge
Map of Melbourne, Australia, printable and editable
Map of Melbourne (printable and editable)
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Coordinates37°48′51″S 144°57′47″E / 37.81417°S 144.96306°E / -37.81417; 144.96306
Population5,207,145 (2023)[1] (2nd)
 • Density521.079/km2 (1,349.59/sq mi)
Established30 Magus 1835; 189 years ago (1835-08-30)
Elevation31 m (102 ft)
Area9,993 km2 (3,858.3 sq mi)(GCCSA)[2]
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10)
 • Summer (DST)AEDT (UTC+11)
Location
LGA(s)31 municipalities across Greater Melbourne
CountyBourke, Evelyn, Grant, Mornington
State electorate(s)55 electoral districts and regions
Federal division(s)23 divisions
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
20.2 °C
68 °F		 9.7 °C
49 °F		 515.5 mm
20.3 in
Localities around Melbourne:
Loddon Mallee Hume Hume
Grampians Melbourne Gippsland
Barwon South West Port Phillip Bay Gippsland

Melbourne (/ˈmɛlbərn/ MEL-bərn,[note 1] locally [ˈmæɫbən] ⓘ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: Narrm toi ko' Naarm[9][10]) nopo nga ibu negeri om kakadayan bobos ogumu mogigion id pogun Victoria, Australia om nogi koduo bobos oumu mogigion id Aistralia Sydney.[11] Ngaran nopo do Melbourne nga sumuku kumaa kinoyonon metropolitan kiginayo 9,993 km2 (3,858 sq mi) i ointutunan nogi sabaagi Greater Melbourne,[12] popohompit do 31 kakadayan tempatan,[13] sundung do gunoon nogi ngaran diti miampai poimbida montok perbandaran City of Melbourne i poinladsong id posorili koiyonon pongindopuan longkod dau. Koiyonon metropolitan nopo diti nga papahangkum soboogian tagayo kotogisan koibutan om kosilahon Teluk Port Phillip gisom hilo Semenanjung Mornington, soboogian mantad West Gippsland, om nogi koiyonon pedalaman Lembah Yarra, Banjaran Dandenong, om Banjaran Macedon. Gisom toun 2023, mogigion id metropolitan diti soginumu 5.2 riong (19% mantad populasi Australia);[1] om mogigion nopodau nga ointutunan sabaagi "Melburnians".[note 2]

Nuut

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  1. ↑ The spelling pronunciation /ˈmɛlbɔːrn/ MEL-born is also accepted within British Received Pronunciation and General American English. In Australian English, ⟨our⟩ in the second syllable always stands for the reduced /ər/ as in "labour".[8]
  2. ↑ The use of the term Melburnian can be traced back to 1876 where the case for Melburnian over Melbournian was made in the Melbourne Grammar School publication, the Melburnian. "The diphthong, 'ou' is not a Latin diphthong: hence, we argued this way, Melburnia would be [the] Latin form of name, and from it comes Melburnian."[14][15]

Sukuon

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Greater Melbourne". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 10 Gumas 2023. Linoyog ontok 28 Gomot 2024.
  2. ↑ "2016 Census of Population and Housing: General Community Profile". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2017. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 17 Magus 2021. Linoyog ontok 28 Manom 2021.
  3. ↑ "Great Circle Distance between MELBOURNE and CANBERRA". Geoscience Australia. Gomot 2004. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 4 Mahas 2022. Linoyog ontok 19 Momuhau 2016.
  4. ↑ "Great Circle Distance between MELBOURNE and ADELAIDE". Geoscience Australia. Gomot 2004. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 4 Mahas 2022. Linoyog ontok 19 Momuhau 2016.
  5. ↑ "Great Circle Distance between MELBOURNE and SYDNEY". Geoscience Australia. Gomot 2004.
  6. ↑ "Great Circle Distance between MELBOURNE and BRISBANE". Geoscience Australia. Gomot 2004. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 20 Momuhau 2016. Linoyog ontok 19 Momuhau 2016.
  7. ↑ "Great Circle Distance between MELBOURNE and PERTH". Geoscience Australia. Gomot 2004. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 20 Momuhau 2016. Linoyog ontok 19 Momuhau 2016.
  8. ↑ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180; Butler, S., ed. (2013). "Melbourne". Macquarie Dictionary (6th ed.). Sydney: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-18-7642-966-9.
  9. ↑ Clark, Ian D. (2002). Dictionary of Aboriginal placenames of Melbourne and Central Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Aboriginal Corp. for Languages. p. 62. ISBN 0957936052.
  10. ↑ Nicholson, Mandy; Jones, David (2020). "Wurundjeri-al Narrm-u (Wurundjeri's Melbourne): Aboriginal living heritage in Australia's urban landscapes". The Routledge Handbook on Historic Urban Landscapes in the Asia-Pacific. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780429486470-30. ISBN 978-0-429-48647-0. S2CID 213567108. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 4 Mahas 2022. Linoyog ontok 23 Ngiop 2022.
  11. ↑ "Greater Melbourne". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 10 Gumas 2023. Linoyog ontok 28 Gomot 2024.
  12. ↑ "2016 Census of Population and Housing". Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2 Ngiop 2020. Linoyog ontok 1 Momuhau 2019.
  13. ↑ "Victorian Local Government Directory" (PDF). Department of Planning and Community Development, Government of Victoria. p. 11. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 15 Manom 2009. Linoyog ontok 11 Manom 2009.
  14. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series, iii, s.v. "Melburnian Archived 26 Milatok 2020 at the Wayback Machine".
  15. ↑ Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2005). Or less commonly Melbournites. Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. ISBN 1-876429-14-3.

Pambasaan potilombus

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  • Bell, Agnes Paton (1965). Melbourne: John Batman's Village. Melbourne, Vic: Cassell Australia.
  • Boldrewood, Rolf (1896). Old Melbourne Memories. Macmillan and Co.
  • Borthwick, John Stephen; McGonigal, David (1990). Insight Guide: Melbourne. Prentice Hall Travel. ISBN 978-0-13-467713-2.
  • Briggs, John Joseph (1852). The History of Melbourne, in the County of Derby: Including Biographical Notices of the Coke, Melbourne, and Hardinge Families. Bemrose & Son.
  • Brown-May, Andrew; Swain, Shurlee (2005). The Encyclopedia of Melbourne. Melbourne, Vic: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521842341.
  • Carroll, Brian (1972). Melbourne: An Illustrated History. Lansdowne. ISBN 978-0-7018-0195-3.
  • Cecil, David (1954). Melbourne. Grosset's universal library. Bobbs-Merrill. LCCN 54009486.[noputan di napatai sogigisom]
  • Cervero, Robert (1998). The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry. Washington: Island Press. ISBN 9781559635912.
  • Collins, Jock; Mondello, Letizia; Breheney, John; Childs, Tim (1990). Cosmopolitan Melbourne. Explore the world in one city. Rhodes, New South Wales: Big Box Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9579624-0-8.
  • Coote, Maree (2003). The Melbourne Book: A History of Now (2009 ed.). Melbournestyle Books. ISBN 978-0-9757047-4-5.
  • Jim Davidson, ed. (1986). The Sydney-Melbourne Book. North Sydney, New South Wales: Allen and Unwin. ISBN 978-0-86861-819-7.
  • Lewis, Miles Bannatyne; Goad, Philip; Mayne, Alan (1994). Melbourne: The City's History and Development (2nd ed.). City of Melbourne. ISBN 978-0-949624-71-0.
  • McClymont, David; Armstrong, Mark (2000). Lonely Planet Melbourne. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-86450-124-7.
  • Newnham, William Henry (1956). Melbourne: The Biography of a City. F. W. Cheshire. ISBN 9780855721442. LCCN 57032585.
  • O'Hanlon, Seamus; Luckins, Tanja, eds. (2005). Go! Melbourne. Melbourne in the Sixties. Beaconsfield, Victoria: Melbourne Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-9757802-0-6.
  • Priestley, Susan (1995). South Melbourne: A History. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-84664-5.
  • Tout-Smith, Deborah, ed. (2009). Melbourne: A city of stories. Museum Victoria. ISBN 978-0-9803813-7-5.

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